Subjects will be recruited from the provincial Early Psychosis Intervention Nova Scotia
programs (with the central site located in Halifax at the Nova Scotia Early Psychosis
Program) and the Psychosis Intervention Early Recovery program in St. John's,
Newfoundland. This is an open choice clinical trial comparing Action-Based Cognitive
Remediation (ABCR) to treatment as usual (TAU) in early phase psychosis subjects.
Following screening procedures, the participants will be offered the choice to enroll in
the intervention or TAU group. Those who select ABCR will attend 16 bi-weekly therapy
sessions over 2 months in a virtual group format. The TAU group will involve involved one
brief psychoeducation session on the impacts of substance use in general on recovery.
This study will collect four different types of variables: demographic (things that
describe the participants), clinical (things that describe how ill the individuals are),
substance use (things that measure how much or how reliant participants are on
recreational substances), and neuropsychological (things that measure cognitive
functioning such as attention, memory, verbal learning, and executive functioning). These
variables will be collected at baseline, 2 months (therapy end), and 3 months
post-therapy for both the intervention and TAU group.
Demographic variables: Age, sex, gender, ethnicity, highest education level attained and
current employment or education status as well as religious status (observing/not
observing/do not identify) will be collected at baseline. Employment and school
enrollment will be measured again at the end of the intervention. Relationship and living
status will also be collected at baseline and end of the intervention.
Current medications will be recorded as there is some debate on the possible impact of
some antipsychotic and antidepressant medications on reducing alcohol and cannabis use.
Health resource utilization will include hospitalizations, number of missed clinical
appointments with the EIS and emergency room visits for the trial period. All of which
can be obtained from the patient's clinician.
Substance use variables: A contemplation ladder tool focused on alcohol and/or cannabis
use will be used at baseline to assess willingness to change substance use to explore if
readiness to change influences engagement with treatment and outcomes. The remaining
measurements will be used at the three specified time-points. The Cannabis Use Disorder
Identification Test - Revised (CUDIT-R) will collect data on hazardous cannabis use. The
WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO-ASSIST) will be
administered to screen for all substance use including tobacco, alcohol and other
recreational and illicit substances. The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method will collect
detailed information about the last 30 day use of alcohol and/or cannabis. The alcohol
use TLFB will collect the number of drinks consumed on each day. The cannabis use TLFB
will collect information on cannabis quantity (gm/day), frequency (e.g. daily,
times/week), type of product used (e.g. dried flower, concentrates, edibles) and potency
(e.g. THC %, THC/CBD). Potency data will be self-report though also explored through
websites used for product purchase.
Clinical variables: The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) will measure negative
and positive psychotic symptom severity. Overall psychosis symptoms will be measured by
the Clinical Global Impression scale, for both severity and improvement (CGI-S, CGI-I).
The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2.0) will measure
functioning across cognitive, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and
participation domains. The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) will assess
the level of depression, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) will examine anxiety
symptoms.
Neuropsychological profile: The Digit Vigilance Test (DVT) will measure attention during
a rapid visual tracking task. The California Verbal Learning Test 3 (CVLT3) will measure
episodic verbal learning including verbal learning, immediate memory, and delayed memory.
Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) will measure processing speed and the Trail Making Test B
(TMT-B) will identify deficits in executive functioning. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso
Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) will provide a social cognition composite score.