The Application of Lidocaine Cream on Oral Secretions of LMA Removal During the Recovery Period in Ophthalmic Surgical Patients Under General Anesthesia

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18 to 60 years;

• With American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II;

• Scheduled to undergo ophthalmic surgery following general anesthesia with LMA.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications to LMA use;

• A history of upper respiratory tract infection within one week prior to surgery;

• Persistent pharyngeal symptoms (eg. throat irritation, dryness, or chronic cough,etc.) lasting ≥ 3 months;

• Severe gastroesophageal reflux disease;

• Morbid obesity, defined as a body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2;

• A predicted difficult airway (eg. a history of difficult airway, mouth opening < 3cm, Mallampati class 4, limited neck extension or cervical spine disease);

• Presence of structural abnormalities, masses, infections, or scarring in the oralcavity or oropharynx;

• Known contraindications to lidocaine cream;

• Two or more failed attempts at LMA insertion;

• Intraoperative administration of anticholinergic agents;

• Any other condition present likely to influence the study outcomes.