Remote Sputum Collection in Cystic Fibrosis

Last updated: April 25, 2025
Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania
Overall Status: Active - Recruiting

Phase

N/A

Condition

Cystic Fibrosis

Lung Disease

Scar Tissue

Treatment

N/A

Clinical Study ID

NCT06950892
857045
  • Ages > 18
  • All Genders

Study Summary

Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor or Trikafta improves lung health in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), including decreased cough and mucous production. Diagnosing lung infections has become more challenging due to the decrease in sputum and rise of telehealth services. While the option of collecting sputum samples at home and sending them by mail may be feasible, uncertainty remains about how the collection of samples outside of clinic and delays in testing while in the mail impact infection detection. This study will compare bacterial cultures using sputum samples collected at home versus samples collected in clinic (saline-induced sputum and throat swab). This study seeks to shed light on how valuable home collected samples can be and help us better understand the usefulness of home-collected sputum samples for both clinical and research purposes.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  • People with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) based on CF Foundation (CFF)guidelines. The CFF guidelines consider a diagnosis of CF based on: (1) two knowndisease-causing CFTR mutations (based on historical genetic testing in clinicaldocumentation or PortCF, the CFF patient registry), OR (2) sweat chloride 60 mmol/L (based on historical sweat chloride testing in clinical documentation or PortCF) andphenotypic findings consistent with cystic fibrosis in more than one organ system,OR (3) CFF accredited center physician diagnosis, based on clinical manifestationsin the absence of two CFTR mutations with full gene mapping (based on historicalgenetic testing in clinical documentation or PortCF).

  • Age 18 years old or greater

  • People with the ability to comply with study visits and study procedures as judgedby the investigator.

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Solid organ transplant recipients, given the presence of immunosuppression.

  • Those who are unable to tolerate sputum induction (hypertonic saline) or theinability to attempt sputum expectoration.

  • Subjects who do not have access to a FedEx location or pick-up services will beexcluded.

Study Design

Total Participants: 150
Study Start date:
January 15, 2025
Estimated Completion Date:
June 30, 2028

Study Description

The clinical standard of care of people with CF is conducting sputum culture for infection surveillance and detection. However, the introduction of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) and adoption of telehealth encounters have reduced the number of respiratory cultures and shifted the types of respiratory sampling over the past three years. People with CF on ETI who were previously able to expectorate sputum are now less likely to produce sputum during clinic visits. As a result, there has been an increase in oropharyngeal (OP) swab sampling in adults. OP swabs lack sensitivity for bacterial detection. Despite clinical improvements related to ETI use (eg lung function, decreased pulmonary exacerbation rates), chronic bacterial infection persists in CF airways. Therefore, additional non-invasive methods for infection surveillance are needed. The investigators propose remote collection of sputum is a promising option for detecting bacteria and fungi in people with CF. Yet, delayed processing and temperature storage conditions may impact the recovery of CF pathogens in remotely collected sputa. To address this, the investigators propose an observational study testing the accuracy and validity of remotely collected sputum. The study will achieve this by comparing CF pathogen detection by culture in sputum samples collected at home to those obtained through induced sputum and OP swabs during clinic visits. The aims of the study are to:

  1. Determine the diagnostic performance of home-collected sputum samples for CF pathogen detection compared to clinic-based induced sputum collection.

  2. Determine if CF pathogen detection is greater in home-collected sputum compared to OP swab sampling.

  3. Determine if storage temperature conditions (ambient versus 4°C) during overnight shipping influence bacterial identification and abundance in home-collected sputum.

The study will enroll 150 participants. The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for the home-collected sputum method and clinic-induced sputum culture performed the local clinical laboratory as the gold standard (Aim 1). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve will be plotted and area under the curve (AUC) will be calculated. Similar analyses will be conducted for Aim 2 using OP swab as the clinical gold standard. For Aim 3, the investigators will conduct non-inferiority analyses to compare pathogen density in ambient and cooled shipping conditions. The findings will provide valuable insights to clinics and laboratories regarding the reliability and acceptability of using home-collected sputum samples for microbiological evaluation. Ultimately, this project has the potential to introduce a non-invasive and minimally burdensome method for infection detection and diagnosis in people with CF.

Connect with a study center

  • National Jewish Health

    Denver, Colorado 80206
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Johns Hopkins University

    Baltimore, Maryland 21287
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • University of Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
    United States

    Active - Recruiting

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