The Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Guided Written Exposure Therapy for CPTSD Symptoms Among Adolescents : A Multi-centered Randomized Controlled Trail

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 10 and 18 years;

• Meet the diagnostic criteria or subclinical criteria for Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) ,defined as missing either one symptom from the PTSD clusters, or the DSO cluster;

• Possess sufficient literacy and language skills to complete writing-based tasks;

• Be able to understand the study procedures and complete the required assessments;

• Provide written informed consent, with consent also obtained from their legalguardians.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of a severe psychiatric disorder or neurodevelopmental disorder, such asschizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectualdisability, or other severe psychiatric conditions that would interfere with studyparticipation;

• Presence of a severe physical illness that would impair the ability to engage in theintervention;

• Suicidal ideation within the past six months;

• Ongoing exposure to traumatic events;

• Currently receiving other trauma-focused psychological treatments.