Study Objectives To compare clinical characteristics among HFpEF patients with
different comorbidity subtypes (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, renal insufficiency,
obesity).
To identify distinct cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features associated with HFpEF
and its comorbidity subtypes.
To evaluate prognostic differences (mortality, heart failure readmission, healthcare
costs) across HFpEF subtypes.
Study Design Type: Single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. Duration:
April 1, 2023 - December 31, 2026. Sample Size: 500 HFpEF patients, with ~200
patients per subgroup.
Data Collection Framework
Baseline Data:
Clinical Parameters:
Demographics (age, gender, BMI). Comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, renal
function). Biochemical markers (BNP/NT-proBNP, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal
function). Medications (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics).
Imaging Data:
Echocardiography: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%). CMR: Ventricular
volumes, mass, strain analysis, T1 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).
Follow-Up Protocol:
Frequency: Every 6 months post-discharge.
Endpoints:
Primary: Cardiovascular mortality, HF-related readmission. Secondary: Changes in CMR
parameters, medication adjustments, healthcare utilization.
Subgroup Classification
Comorbidity Subgroups:
HFpEF + Hypertension. HFpEF + Type 2 Diabetes. HFpEF + Renal Insufficiency. HFpEF +
Obesity. Control Group: HFpEF patients without the above comorbidities.
CMR Protocol
Imaging Sequences:
Cine imaging for ventricular function. T1 mapping for myocardial fibrosis
assessment. LGE for scar detection. Post-Processing: Analysis of myocardial strain,
extracellular volume (ECV), and perfusion reserve.
Statistical Analysis
Methods:
Regression analysis for associations between CMR features and clinical outcomes.
Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazards models). Subgroup
comparisons using ANOVA or non-parametric tests. Software: SPSS 20.0 (significance
threshold: p <0.05).
Ethical and Data Management Privacy Protection: De-identified data storage with
restricted access. Data Validation: Double-entry verification for 10% of randomly
selected cases. Compliance: Adherence to institutional review board (IRB) guidelines
and GCP standards.