Effect of the Home-based Digital-assisted Dyadic Tai Chi (HDTC) Training Program Among Sedentary Individuals With HF and Their Caregivers: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria:

• CHF individuals:

• aged 18 to 75 years

• diagnosed with CHF, regardless of the HF phenotype (HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF)

• categorized as NYHA class I, II or III

• 6MWD >150 meters (mild to moderate HF)

• stable phase of disease in the past four weeks and capable of independentlypractice Tai Chi without any musculoskeletal disorders that may impede jointmovement

• sit more than 8 h/d in the past month

• own a smartphone

• volunteer to participate and provide informed consent.

• caregivers:

• age ≥18 years old

• primary caregiver at home, who has emotional ties or social obligations withCHF individuals and provides daily care

• able to exercise Tai Chi without help

• volunteer to participate and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• HF individuals:

• plan to undergo surgery within the next 6 months

• have severe comorbidities, such as cancer, liver or kidney failure, ordiagnosed psychiatric disorders

• plan to be admitted to a nursing home or other care facilities

• regularly practice Tai Chi or engaging in other forms of exercise in the past 3months (at least 3 times per week, at least 20 minutes of regular exercise eachtime)

• currently participate in similar or related studies.

• caregivers: · formal caregivers, such as nurses, will be excluded.