Trigger Point Electroacupuncture Treatment in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 20 or older who consented to participate in the study;

• Individuals experiencing LBP persisting for more than 3 months with an average VASscore of 5 cm or over;

• Patients displaying trigger points in back

Exclusion Criteria:

• Major trauma or systemic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosingspondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Scheuermann disease;

• Systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fever of unknown origin, anorexia, personalhistory of malignancy, diffuse pain and joint stiffness;

• Symptoms of infection such as fever, meningeal irritation signs, photophobia;

• Symptoms of central motor neuron damage such as Hoffmann sign, Babinski sign,hyperreflexia, spasticity, incontinence, sexual dysfunction;

• Symptoms of serious acute diseases such as myocardial infarction (chest pain,sweating, shortness of breath), arterial dissections (tearing sensation, headache,blurred vision);

• Conditions unsuitable for acupuncture such as inflammation of skin in need ofacupuncture, weak or exhausted patients, severe comorbidities;

• Being treated with other methods. Elimination criteria: Patients experiencingadverse events from the intervention leading to their discomfort and withdrawal fromthe study