Management of Non-Organic Dysphonia in Adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients diagnosed with non-organic functional dysphonia with or without MinimallyAssociated Pathological lesions and referred for voice therapy. The diagnosis wasbased on the results of the routine clinical assessment of cases of voice disordersby a phoniatrician in the voice clinic.

• Patients 'ages between 15 - 60 years old.

• Native speakers of Arabic.

• Language comprehension adequate for the task.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with organic voice disorders.

• Patients with aphonia or Phon asthenia.

• Females within the week of their menstrual cycle or menstruating at the time of datacollection to control for the possible hormonal effects or premenstrual waterretention on voice quality.

• History of severe respiratory allergies, thyroid pathologies, neuro-motorimpairment, hearing impairment, psychiatric problems and physically limitingdiseases that might interfere with study completion.

• Those on any regular medication that might affect voice quality.

• Speech disorders.

• Cigarette smoking, alcohol, or drug abuse for the past 5 years.

• Patients with previous micro laryngeal surgery.

• Patients with gastrointestinal reflux disease.