Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation for Bethesda III/IV Thyroid Nodules

Inclusion Criteria:

1. confirmation of Bethesda III or IV on fine- needle aspiration and negative on BrafV600E test

2. no clinical or imaging evidences of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasisand distant metastasis on ultrasound, neck and chest CT

3. refusal or ineligibility for surgery

4. follow-up time ≥12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

1. follicular neoplasm or malignancy findings on biopsy

2. no suspicious of malignancy in US

3. patients with contra-lateral vocal cord paralysis

4. follow- up time less than 12 months