A Research Study Comparing How Well Different Doses of the Medicine NNC0519-0130 Can Reduce Kidney Damage in People Living With Chronic Kidney Disease

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female of non-childbearing potential, or male.

• For US only: Female of childbearing potential using highly effectivenon-systemic methods of contraception with low user-dependency at least 2months prior to screening and willingness to continue using it through-out thestudy, or male.

• Age 18 years or above at the time of signing the informed consent.

• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus greater than or equal to (≥) 180 days beforescreening, or not diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• HbA1c of 6.5 percentage (%)-10.5 percentage (%) [48 - 91 millimoles per mole (mmol/mol)] (both inclusive) if diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, orHbA1c of less than (<)6.5 percentage (%) [<48 mmol/mol] if not diagnosed withtype 2 diabetes mellitus.

• BMI greater than or equal to (≥) 27.0 kilogram per square metre (kg/m^2) atscreening.

• Kidney impairment defined by serum creatinine and cystatin C-based Egfr greater thanor equal to (≥) 15 and less than (<) 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2.

• Albuminuria defined by Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) greater than orequal (≥)100 and less than (<) 5000 milligram per gram (mg/g).

• Treatment with maximum labelled or tolerated dose of an angiotensin convertingenzyme (ACE) inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), unless suchtreatment is contraindicated or not tolerated, in the opinion of the investigator.Treatment dose must be stable for at least 30 days prior to screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is ofchildbearing potential and not using highly effective non-systemic contraceptionwith low user-dependency.

• Lupus nephritis or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.

• Receiving immunosuppressive therapy for primary or secondary renal disease within 6months prior to screening.

• Use of any glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) RA (including medication with GLP-1 RAactivity, e.g., GIP/GLP-1 RA) within 90 days prior to screening.

• Myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or hospitalization forunstable angina pectoris within 180 days before screening.

• Chronic or intermittent haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis within 90 days beforescreening.

• Only applicable for participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D): Uncontrolled andpotentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or diabetic maculopathy. Verified by aneye examination performed within 90 days before screening or in the period betweenscreening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unlessusing a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.

• Presence or history of malignant neoplasms or in situ carcinomas (other than basalor squamous cell skin cancer, low-risk prostate cancer, or in-situ carcinomas of thecervix or carcinoma in situ/high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN))within 5 years before screening.