Research design This is a prospective, single-center, single-arm, open-label clinical
study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and
Technology of China. Patients with no contraindications to surgery and who meet
enrollment criteria will be included in the study. Subsequently, the investigators will
recommend that these patients be treated again for PI-RADS≥4, first negative prostate
puncture, high-risk group of USTC diagnostic model, and PSMA PET/CT positive patients.
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) was directly performed. Transperineal targeted
prostate biopsy was performed if intraoperative freeze pathology indicated prostate
cancer, then LRP was performed; intraoperative freeze pathology indicated benign prostate
biopsy, then transperineal prostate biopsy was performed.
The diagnostic efficacy of USTC diagnostic model combined with PSMA PET/CT was evaluated
according to the pathological results of LRP postoperative specimens or prostate biopsy
specimens, and whether such patients can directly undergo radical prostatectomy without
repeated puncture was also discussed. Before surgery, patients and their families should
be fully informed of the surgical risks, the necessity of pathologic confirmation of
prostate biopsy, the possibility of benign prostate lesions, and other alternative
treatments, including active monitoring, radiotherapy, and focal therapy.
Screening and registration This study consisted of a prostate cancer diagnostic model and
a tandem examination of 18F-Prostate-specific membrane antigen 1007 positron emission
tomography/computed tomography (18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT).
For patients with PI-RADS≥4 and negative prostate puncture for the first time, the
prostate magnetic resonance score was re-evaluated three months later. For patients with
PI-RADS still ≥4, the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and multi-parameter
magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were completed. Prostate-specific antigen density
(PSAD) and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) score
information were obtained. Then through online diagnosis chart (website:
https://ustcprostatecancerprediction.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/) patients with clinically
significant probability of the risk of prostate cancer (csPCa). When the csPCa prediction
probability is equal to or greater than 0.60, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT is used for further
diagnosis. If a patient is still considered to have csPCa after an 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT
examination, the investigators define this as a positive result. These patients met our
study criteria. Notably, patients with a predicted probability of less than 0.60 will no
longer receive 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, and patients with a risk probability equal to or
greater than 0.60 but negative 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT will not meet the inclusion criteria.