Repetitive Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation for Optic Neuropathies

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age equal to or over 18 years old

2. Must have a permanent residence

3. Diagnosis of optic neuropathy

4. VF defects present in at least one eye (MD ≤ -3.00 dB) FL, FP, FN <33%

5. Visual Field Index (VFI) 10-90%

6. Clear optical apparatus

7. Best-corrected VA of 20/400 or better in at least one eye

8. Commitment to comply with study procedures: 8-week period of intervention sessions (30 sessions every other day), baseline visit, post-intervention visit, and 2follow-up visits (2 days per visit).

9. Scheduling

10. Testing

11. A subject deemed incapable of performing the study intervention independently due tovisual impairment or any other condition that may prevent them from performing theintervention accurately require a family member or caregiver to assist in performingthe intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. High intraocular pressure (over 27 mmHg)

2. End-stage organ disease or medical condition with subsequent vision loss (e.g.,diabetes, stroke)

3. Advanced or unstable retinal diseases

4. Pathological nystagmus

5. Acute conjunctivitis

6. Photosensitivity to flickering lights

7. Non-ocular/ocular surgery within the previous 2 months to enrollment date

8. Electric or electronic implants (e.g., cardiac pacemaker)

9. Metallic artifacts/implants in head and/or torso (titanium screw and dental implantsare allowed)

10. Diagnosed epilepsy on medical treatment

11. Auto-immune disease, acute stage (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)

12. Metastatic disease

13. Certain mental diseases/psychiatric conditions (e.g., schizophrenia) that wouldaffect the subject's ability to perform all necessary study tasks

14. Any chronic unstable medical conditions (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes,) that maycause a subject to miss one or more of the interventions and visits

15. Addiction (e.g., drug/alcohol dependence) that has not been in abstinent control forat least one year

16. Uncontrolled systemic hypertension (historical BP > 160/100 mmHg)

17. Pregnant or breast-feeding women or women that are planning to become pregnant, asthis device has not been tested on pregnant women and there is no data on usingrtACS for this particular group

18. Any severe skin condition (e.g., blisters, open wounds, cuts or irritation) or otherskin defect which compromise the integrity of the skin at or near stimulationlocations

19. IOP that the principal investigator determines that is not clinically stable

20. Complete blindness of both eyes

21. Non-resected brain tumors

22. Unstable diabetic retinopathy in the study eye

23. Optic neuropathies secondary to brain tumors

24. Subjects without the capacity to consent