The 9-hole peg test (9HPT) is a method used to assess finger dexterity in patients with
various neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy.
Additionally, this test evaluates strength, visual attention, depth perception, sensory
perception, and motor coordination.
The psychometric properties of the 9HPT were evaluated in healthy normal subjects and
stroke patients in various studies. The results of these suggest that the 9HPT may be a
reliable, valid and responsive measure in patients with stroke. Although the test is
relatively straightforward to administer, it does have a number of disadvantages. The
patient may knock over the test tools, take more than one peg at a time, use both hands,
start to remove the pegs back before filling all the holes, or drop the pegs on the
floor. Furthermore, errors in time measurement may occur due to the tester performance.
The latest developments in technology have led to the creation of electronic and virtual
reality (VR) based versions of the 9HPT. These new versions have eliminated the
disadvantages of the original test, allow for the storage of measurement results, and
provide a way to track the treatment process both in the hospital and remotely. However,
studies on the validity and reliability of these tests in individuals with neurological
diseases remain limited. The aim of this study is therefore to demonstrate the validity
and reliability of a VR-based 9HPT for the evaluation of manual dexterity in stroke
patients. The secondary aims were to determine the normative values of the test in
healthy individuals and to reveal whether there is a difference between the dominant and
non-dominant hand.
The study is a cross-sectional observational trial. Post-stroke patients who applied to
the Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation will be included in the study. Socio-demographic data such as gender, age,
education level, occupation, background, duration of stroke, type of lesion, and history
of comorbidities will be recorded. All patients will be evaluated at the beginning and
after 7 days. The state of consciousness, orientation and cooperation will be evaluated
on the physical examination and the patients will be given a Mini Mental Test.
Participants who score 22 points or more on this assessment will be included in this
study. Brunnstrom motor staging will be performed for motor assessment of stroke
patients. The Modified Ashworth Scale will be used to assess spasticity. Accordingly,
participants with spasticity grade 3 and above in the upper extremity will be excluded
from the study. The participants will first undergo a physical 9HPT. After the physical
test is completed, a VR-based 9HPT will be performed. A laptop computer, motion
controller, and BecureTM software will be used for this purpose. Through a motion sensor
(Leap Motion Controller) positioned on the table and not touching the participant, the
upper extremity and hand movements will be reflected on the computer screen. During the
test, participants will first practice 2 times and then be tested. The test will be
repeated 3 times and the average value will be recorded in seconds. The test will be
repeated in the same way after 7 days.