Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection for Paravertebral Nerve Block in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants who scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy undergeneral anesthesia.

• Participants were 18 years or older.

• 18 kg/m2≤BMI≤30 kg/m2

• Participants with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I-III.

• Understand the significance, possible benefits, potential risks of the trial indetail.Understand the procedures and methods of this study.Willing to complete thetrial in strict compliance with the clinical trial protocol.Sign the informedconsent form voluntarily.

Exclusion Criteria:

• with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as myocardialinfarction,unstable angina pectoris,severe cardiac rhythm disorders (second- andthird-degree heart block,etc.), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classIII/IV,Ischemic stroke.

• with psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia,depression,etc.) and cognitiveimpairment.

• with sensory disorders such as hyperalgesia.

• with other bodily pain.

• allergy to amide-type local anesthetics or any of the trial drugs

• taking drugs that affect livermetabolism,corticosteroids,benzodiazepines,non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),opioid agonist-antagonist,central-alpha 2-agonists,anticonvulsants,antidepressants within 72h.

• with a history of alcohol or opioid abuse.

• who were pregnant or lactating.

• who were currently included in another clinical study within 3 months.