Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodilatation With Triamcinolone Acetonide for Adhesive Capsulitis

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥18 years old, clinical diagnosis of periarthritis of shoulder;

2. symptom duration > 1 month, shoulder ROM limitation in at least two directions,defined as abduction < 80°, flexion < 130°, and rotation < 30°;

3. Before enrollment, the patients received plain radiographs, ultrasound images, andmagnetic resonance imaging to rule out the cause of secondary shoulder capsitis.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Secondary frozen shoulder, such as rotator cuff tear, calcifying tendinitis,osteoarthritis, infection, tuberculosis infection, rheumatic disease, shoulderimpingement syndrome;

2. Previous history of shoulder joint surgery;

3. Involved cervical nervous system symptoms or abnormal nervous system;

4. corticosteroid injection in the affected shoulder within 3 months;

5. Mental illness;

6. Patients with contraindications to cortisol-hormone use.