The ability to self-monitor and flexibly adapt behavior in response to internal or
external changes refers to neurocognitive processes known as executive function (EF). EF
impairments, such as inflexible problem-solving, attention-shifting difficulties, and
challenges in goal-directed behavior planning, are consistently identified as core
cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early life EF deficits can lead to
negative social and academic outcomes, including poor school performance, externalizing
behaviors, antisocial conduct, and adverse adult outcomes. Therefore, EF has become a
significant focus for interventions, yet few studies have investigated EF interventions
in ASD. Evidence-based interventions targeting EF are critically needed.
The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an
online EF training intervention for 5- to 7-year-old children with ASD in South Korea,
where intervention services, especially during school transition periods, are extremely
limited. The project has three scientific goals: (1) assess the acceptability and
feasibility of the EF intervention for children with ASD; (2) examine the clinically
important effects of the intervention using multimodal methods combining lab-based
behavioral tasks and novel electrophysiological measures; and (3) determine whether the
effects generalize to everyday EF skills in real-world settings using parent-ratings.
The investigators will recruit 40 Korean children with ASD during school transition (20
randomly assigned to the intervention, 20 to the control). Children in the intervention
group will participate in a 10-week online training program and will be administered
outcome measures, including physiological measures, lab-based behavior, and
parent-reports of clinical functioning, at three time points (i.e., pre-intervention,
1-week after the completion of the intervention, and 3-months after the completion of the
intervention). Parent coaching will be provided to enhance the generalization of EF
skills. The control group will receive group-based parent psychoeducation. This work has
the potential to significantly improve EF skills and functional outcomes for autistic
children, addressing the urgent need for targeted interventions for the underserved
population in South Korea.