Evaluation of Vitamin A Absorption From Fortified Bouillon

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy, nonpregnant women

• ≥18 and <49 years of age

• Able and willing to provide informed consent

• Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 to 30.0 kg/m2

• Willing and able to undergo study procedures, including: repeated blood sampling, abaseline hemoglobin and pregnancy test, adherence to a low-vitamin A diet atspecified times throughout the study, consumption of provided meals (specifically, abreakfast of bouillon, peanut butter, and a bagel or bread), and, except for theScreening visit, foregoing alcohol for at least 2 days before each visit and fastingfor ≥8 hours before each visit

Exclusion Criteria:

• Currently pregnant

• Breastfeeding a child under 1 year of age

• Allergic to soy or peanut butter

• Current use of smoking tobacco products or any other form of nicotine

• Active eating disorder diagnosis

• Current diagnosis of acute or chronic illness, including hepatitis, Celiac'sdisease, Crohn's disease, and cystic fibrosis

• Moderate or severe anemia according to World Health Organization guidelines (i.e.,hemoglobin ≤10.9 g/dL)

• Unable or unwilling to refrain from consuming alcohol when required

• Unable or unwilling to discontinue consumption of foods that are high in vitamin Aand of vitamin A supplements when required during the study

• Taking prescription oral medication that includes a retinoid, e.g., isotretinoin/Accutane

• Taking proton pump inhibitors.

• Unable/unwilling to avoid taking antacids during the fasting period prior to samplecollection

• Unable/unwilling to fast for periods of at least 10 hours at a time

• Status relationship with a member of the study team.

• Unable to fulfill study requirements per the judgment of the investigator