Impact of Sensory Electrical Stimulation on Sensation and Tremor

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants:

• Age from 18 to 80 years, inclusive

• No history of a brain and/or skull lesion

• Normal hearing and (corrected) vision

• Able to understand and give informed consent

• No neurological disorders

• No tremor

• Able to understand and speak English

Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants:

• History of significant head trauma (i.e., extended loss of consciousness, neurological damage)

• Known structural brain lesion

• Prior neurosurgical procedures

• Tremors (as determined by study team)

• Co-existence of other neurological diseases

• Parkinsonism

• Medical (e.g., cardiological, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would interfere with study procedures

• Pathology that could cause abnormal movements of extremities (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, marked arthritis, etc.)

• Inability to perform study tasks or assessments (e.g., follow instructions to stay still during asES procedures) or unable/unwilling to complete study forms

• Non-prescribed drug use or recreational marijuana use

• History of current substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed)

• Pregnancy

• Prisoners

Inclusion Criteria for ET Patients:

• Age from 18 to 80 years, inclusive

• No prior history of skull lesions or craniotomy

• Normal hearing and (corrected) vision

• Able to understand and give informed consent

• Diagnosis of ET (Tremor Research investigation Group criteria) by a physician

• At least moderate-severe tremor (based on the TETRAS Tremor Rating Scale) in an upper limb with pure flexion-extension wrist tremor during posture

• Stable medication doses for at least 30 days prior to study enrollment and during entire study period

• Able to understand and speak English

Exclusion Criteria for ET Patients:

• History of significant head trauma (i.e., extended loss of consciousness, neurological damage)

• Known structural brain lesion

• Prior neurosurgical procedures

• Mixed or complex tremors (as determined by study team)

• Co-existence of other neurological diseases

• Parkinsonism

• Medical (e.g., cardiological, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would - interfere with study procedures

• Pathology that could cause abnormal movements of extremities (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, marked arthritis, etc.)

• Inability to perform the study tasks or assessments (e.g., follow instructions to stay still during asES procedures) or unable/unwilling to complete study forms

• Non-prescribed drug use or recreational marijuana use

• History of current substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed)

• Pregnancy

• Prisoners