IM injection is one of the medical procedures that causes pain and fear in children. It
has been reported that the effect of children's previous pain and fearful experiences
continues into adulthood, and this may lead to the avoidance of subsequent medical
procedures as a reaction to increased pain and fear. For all these reasons, pediatric
nurses and other healthcare professionals should aim for successful pain control before
and during painful procedures in children to prevent future adverse effects of painful
medical procedures.
Reducing the emotional impact of painful procedures in clinical practice through better
pain control is very important for children. Therefore, all healthcare professionals,
especially nurses, as the first person to welcome children into the hospital and the
person who spends the most time with the child, have important responsibilities in
eliminating children's fear of medical procedures. It is very important for pediatric
nurses to use nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain in the IM injection procedure.
It is known that non-pharmacological pain control methods help the child cope with pain,
reduce pain, and alleviate distress from invasive procedures. The most commonly used of
these approaches is the distraction technique, also known as the distraction technique,
which is constructed with cognitive and behavioral processes. These include relaxation
techniques, deep breathing, listening to music, singing and talking, watching cartoons,
games, vibration and cold applications, and distraction cards. As understood from the
studies, nonpharmacological approaches help the child cope with the pain experienced in
invasive interventions and provide less pain.
It is critical that all pediatric nurses and other healthcare workers who work with
children learn about and practice pain-reduction techniques. When the literature was
reviewed, it was discovered that there were no studies comparing audiobook and local
vibration application to reduce pain and fear perceived during IM injections administered
to pediatric patients, whereas there were a limited number of studies evaluating the
methods independently. It is thought that there is a need for planning randomized
controlled experimental nursing studies in this field. This study is planned to determine
the effect of the use of audio book and local vibration on the pain and fear experienced
by children during intramuscular injection in children aged 4-6 years. While the
population of the study consisted of pediatric patients aged 4-6 years in the pediatric
emergency unit between October 2023 and April 2024, the sample consisted of 120 children
who met the sample selection criteria. The research consists of 3 groups. These groups
will audio book group (n=40), local vibration group (n=40), and control group (n=40). In
order for the groups to be distributed homogeneously, the order produced by a computer
program (http://www.randomization.com, Balanced permutation) was used. Patients who meet
the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study assigned to the experimental
and control groups according the randomization list. The control variable of the study is
demographic characteristics of the children. The dependent variables of the study are
pain and fear score. The data are collected using Introductory Information Form,
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale (W-BPS), Children's Fear Scale (CFS).