Effect of Breast Milk Circadian Properties on Infant's Growth Parameters and Absorption of Nutrients

Inclusion Criteria:

• The mother is healthy (without a history of preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes,hepatitis B or C, HIV, tuberculosis, mastitis or oncological disease)
• The mother's birth is 32-34 between weeks of gestation
• The mother does not follow a special diet
• The mother is not a vegetarian
• The mother does not smoke
• The mother must have a body mass index within normal limits (BMI = 18.50-24.99) (WHO, 2022b)
• Income must be at or above the monthly minimum wage
• The mother cannot breastfeed her baby and routinely expresses her own milk every threehours.
• The mother expresses her milk with a milking machine (milking will be done with thesame brand device and the same level of suction power).
• The baby is in the neonatal intensive care unit
• Feeding the infant by gavage and oral method *In order for the preterm newborn to be fed effectively and safely orally, it isnecessary for the preterm baby to be able to coordinate sucking-swallowing as well asbreathing (Tian et al., 2015). Gavage feeding is a priority in babies who have thiscoordination (TND, 2018). In babies who have the coordination of sucking, swallowingand breathing, oral feeding will be started after an assessment of readiness for oralfeeding will be made.
• Full enterally fed babies
• The infant does not have a health problem that requires surgical treatment
• 10th-90th percentile curves according to the infant's gestational age. percentile (those with normal birth weight for gestational age: Appropriate for Gestational Age -AGA)

Exclusion Criteria:

• The mother receives medication (antibiotics, etc.) treatment
• Interruption of the mother's milk during the working period
• Low birth weight of the baby according to the intrauterine growth curve
• Feeding the baby with formula
• Total parenterally fed babies
• The baby has a small birth weight for the gestational age (Small for Gestational Age -SGA) and a baby with a large birth weight for the gestational age (LGA). Criteria for Exclusion from the Study;
• The mother received medication (antibiotics, etc.) during the data collection process.
• The mother does not want to continue
• Respiratory problems, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, etc. in preterm babies.occurrence of various problems