The investigators will employ a novel treatment algorithm using a previously described
technique to determine its feasibility and efficacy. This study will provide necessary
quantitative and qualitative data to plan and obtain additional investigator-initiated
funding to perform future comparative studies.
ARM 1 Purpose and Goals: Management of PSP at the initial presentation traditionally
involves pleural drainage (although some opt for observation in mild cases).
Unfortunately, prolonged pulmonary air leaks and recurrence are common, making PSP more
consistent with a chronic disease than an acute process. While ABP has traditionally been
used in instances of prolonged air leaks after chest tube placement, there is data from
other patient populations that routine use at the time of the index procedure may reduce
the incidence of prolonged air leaks and consequently patient morbidity and associated
costs. The investigators' goal is to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of this
technique.
Procedures: All patients who meet criteria and consent to involvement will be treated per
institutional protocols with a tube thoracostomy. Chest tube size will be determined by
the physician of record. Once the chest tube is placed, it will be placed to suction for
a minimum of two minutes to allow for lung re-expansion while 2 ml/kg of whole blood (max
100 ml) is obtained via venipuncture (preferably a previously established intravenous
catheter). This blood will then be injected via the chest tube which will then be clamped
for 180 minutes, before being returned to suction. During this period of clamping, the
patient will be rotated from side to side intermittently to help the blood move around
the extrapleural space. The remainder of the management will be left to the discretion of
the primary physician. The PSP procedure is considered standard of care.
ARM 2 Purpose and Goals: In adolescents who present with recurrent PSP, a resection of
the most likely offending bleb as well as a pleural procedure to prevent recurrence is
often indicated. Following surgical treatment, patients are hospitalized with a chest
tube to manage any persistent air leaks. While the use of an ABP has most commonly been
relegated to patients who have persistent air leaks beyond 5 days, previous data has
demonstrated benefits of prophylactic ABPs in other pulmonary procedures. The
investigators hypothesize that this benefit extends to the surgical management of PSP.
The investigators' goal is to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of this technique
when used prophylactically, in order to provide data for designing a multicenter
prospective clinical trial.
Procedures: All patients who meet criteria and provide informed consent will be treated
per institutional protocols with a thoracoscopic blebectomy and mechanical pleurodesis or
pleurectomy. At the conclusion of the procedure, 2 ml/kg of whole blood (max 100 ml)
obtained via venipuncture will be injected into the pleural space. The chest tube will be
left clamped for 180 minutes post-procedure and then placed back to suction. During this
period of clamping, the patient will be rotated from side to side intermittently to help
the blood move around the extrapleural space. The remainder of the post-operative
management will be left to the discretion of the primary physician. The PSP procedure is
considered standard of care.