Investigating Implant Surface Effect on Osseointegration: NGA vs. ModSLA

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: over 18 years old,

• Gender: male and female.

• Patient must be able and willing to follow study procedures and instructions andhave capacity to provide informed consent.

• Patient must require tooth extraction of a maxillary first premolar or single-rootedanterior tooth as the result of caries, endodontic failure or trauma

• The extraction site must have adjacent teeth present.

• Adjacent teeth with no evidence of interdental bone loss

Exclusion Criteria:

• Systemic disease that can interfere with dental implant therapy (e.g. uncontrolleddiabetes)

• 2 adjacent teeth requiring extraction

• Greater than one wall of the socket missing - assessed at time of extraction

• Any contraindications for oral surgical procedures

• Any known systemic disease affecting bone metabolism (e.g. Cushing's syndrome,Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes type I anduncontrolled diabetes type II), systemic infections or recent surgical procedureswithin 30 days of study initiation;

• Chronic treatment (i.e., 2 weeks or more) with any medication known to affect oralstatus (e.g., phenytoin, dihydropyridine, calcium antagonists and cyclosporine) orbone metabolism (e.g. bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy,immunosuppressants) within 1 month before baseline visit;

• HIV or viral hepatitis;

• Physical handicaps that would interfere with the ability to perform adequate oralhygiene;

• History of local irradiation therapy in the head-neck region

• Mucosal diseases (e.g. erosive lichen planus)

• Current untreated periodontitis or gingivitis. In particular probing depths of >4mmon one of the teeth immediately adjacent to the extraction site

• Untreated acute endodontic lesions

• Current smokers (have smoked within 3 months of study onset)

• Any known systemic disease affecting bone metabolism (e.g. Cushing's syndrome,Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes type I anduncontrolled diabetes type II), systemic infections or recent surgical procedureswithin 30 days of study initiation;

• Self-reported alcoholism or chronic drug abuse;

• Patients suffering from a known psychological disorder or with limited mentalcapacity or language skills such that study information could not be understood,

• Non-compliant patients, vulnerable individuals or those unable to understand writtenor verbal communication and give consent.

• Pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• Involvement in current research or recent involvement in any research prior torecruitment

• Full-mouth bleeding (BOP) and plaque (PI) scores >30% or sites with periodontalpocket depth >5 mm at the completion of the pre-treatment phase.