Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common respiratory system disease
characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible airflow restriction, which
seriously endangers people's health. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (AECOPD) refers to individuals who experience continuous deterioration beyond their
daily condition and need to change their routine medication. AECOPD is usually caused by
viruses and bacteria, and patients require hospitalization, which brings a huge economic
burden to society. AECOPD patients often have limited activities. Because long-term chronic
hypoxia causes venous blood stasis, siltation causes secondary red blood cell increase, and
blood hypercoagulability, AECOPD patients have a high risk of pulmonary embolism (PE).
Pulmonary Thrombo Embolism (PTE) refers to a disease caused by blockage of the pulmonary
artery or its branches caused by a thrombus from the venous system or right heart. AECOPD
patients experience elevated hemoglobin levels and increased blood viscosity due to long-term
hypoxia. At the same time, such patients have decreased activity, venous congestion, and are
prone to thrombosis. After the thrombus falls off, it can travel up the vein, causing PTE to
occur in the right heart PTE is often secondary to low deep vein thrombosis (DVT). About 70%
of patients were diagnosed as deep vein thrombosis in lower limb color ultrasound
examination. SteinPD conducted a survey on COPD patients and general patients from multiple
hospitals. The results showed that by comparing adult COPD patients with non COPD patients,
the relative risk of DVT was 1.30, providing evidence for AECOPD being more likely to combine
with PTE AECOPD patients with PTE have similarities in their clinical manifestations. It is
difficult to distinguish between the two based solely on symptoms, such as cough, increased
sputum production, increased shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. They lack
specificity and are difficult to distinguish between the two based solely on symptoms, which
can easily lead to missed diagnosis. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard for
the diagnosis of PTE, but due to the high cost of testing and high equipment prices, its
popularity in grassroots hospitals is not high. Therefore, analyzing the risk factors of
AECOPD patients complicated with PTE is of great significance for early identification of
PTE. At present, although there are reports on the risk factors for concurrent PTE in AECOPD
patients, there is no specific predictive model for predicting PTE in AECOPD patients. In
clinical practice, risk assessment tools such as the Caprini risk assessment model and the
modified Geneva scale are commonly used for VTE, while the Wells score is the PTE diagnostic
likelihood score. The evaluation indicators of these tools are mostly clinical symptoms, and
laboratory indicators are less involved, It is difficult to comprehensively reflect the
patient's condition, so the specificity of AECOPD patients with PTE is not strong.
The column chart model established in this study presents a visual prediction model, which is
convenient for clinical use and has positive help for the early detection of AECOPD patients
with PTE. In addition, medical staff can present the calculation results of the column chart
model to patients, making it easier for patients to understand. It helps improve the early
identification and treatment of AECOPD combined with PTE patients, thereby improving
prognosis.