Stress and Neurofeedback in Anorexia Nervosa

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy Controls (HC)

• Individuals aged 18-45 years

• Healthy body weight between 90 and 110 % average body weight since puberty.

• Regular monthly menstrual cycle (if applicable)

• Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200

• All ethnic backgrounds

• English is primary language spoken

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

• Age 18-45 years old

• Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200

• All ethnic backgrounds

• Current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, including being underweight, will have asevere fear of weight gain, body image distortion and absence of the menstrual cycleover three consecutive months.

• English is primary language spoken

Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN)

• Age 18-45 years old

• Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Revised (EHI-R) LQ* score > +200

• All ethnic backgrounds

• Meets the criteria for anorexia nervosa except despite significant weight loss, theindividual's weight is within or above the normal range

• English is primary language spoken

Exclusion Criteria:

Healthy Controls (HC)

• Current pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months

• First degree relative with current or past eating disorder

• Psychiatric Medication use such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),atypical antipsychotics, etc.

• Past or present Axis I psychiatric disorder including substance or alcohol usedisorder as determined through structured clinical interview

• History of significant head trauma

• Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder

• Major Medical illness that requires medication or have significant impact onsubject's life such as: diabetes, Alzheimer's disease or dementia, stroke, learningdisability, mobility disorders, cancer, high blood pressure, etc. (to be determinedthrough biological screening form and interview with principal investigator (PI)

• Recent history of suspected substance abuse or a lifetime history of psychostimulantabuse and/or dependence

• Contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including metal implants orbraces (as determined through fMRI screening form)

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

• Pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months

• Lifetime history of bipolar I disorder or psychosis

• Current substance abuse or dependence in the past 3 months

• Psychotic illness/other organic brain syndromes, dementia, somatization disorders orconversion disorders

• Physical conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, pregnancy) known to influence eatingor weight

• History of significant head trauma

• Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder

• Electrolyte, blood count or kidney or liver function abnormalities

• Contraindications to MRI including metal implants or braces (as determined throughfMRI screening form)

Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN)

• Pregnancy or breast feeding within last 3 months

• Lifetime history of bipolar disorder or psychosis

• Current substance abuse or dependence in the past 3 months

• Psychotic illness/other organic brain syndromes, dementia, somatization disorders orconversion disorders

• Physical conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, pregnancy) known to influence eatingor weight

• History of significant head trauma

• Indication of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder

• Electrolyte, blood count or kidney or liver function abnormalities

• Contraindications to MRI including metal implants or braces (as determined throughfMRI screening form)