HFNC Compared With Facial Mask in Patients With Chest Trauma Patients

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who have the following condition within 72 hours of chest trauma despite receiving standard nasal cannula oxygen therapy [≥10 L/min], are eligible for inclusion.

• severe hypoxemic respiratory failure [Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen fraction(FiO2) <300 mmHg]

• with a respiratory rate >25 breaths/minute and difficulty breathing, or respiratorydistress

• PaCO2 of 45 mmHg or higher (if the patient requires emergency surgery withendotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, the time of inclusion will bethe start of the post-extubation period. (Note: For patients who receive emergencytrauma surgery with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, the time ofinclusion assessment will be 72 hours after extubation.)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale less than 8 or severe brain injury.

2. Patients with any contraindications to non-invasive ventilation, including acutegastrointestinal bleeding, upper airway obstruction, or hemodynamic instability.

3. Facial trauma involving skull base fractures, facial bone fractures, or orbitalfloor fractures.

4. Severe injuries involving the nasal sinuses.

5. Patients with cervical spine injuries.

6. Patients with increased intracranial pressure.

7. Patients with facial, nasal, or airway structural abnormalities or surgery thatprevents the use of appropriate nasal cannula.

8. Patients after upper airway surgery.

9. Patients who are unable to clearly express their willingness to sign informedconsent.