Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Relation to Hypoglycemic Control.

). DM is associated with a number of complications including renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, vascular events and musculoskeletal complications. DM is complicated by musculoskeletal problems of upper extremity and particularly the hand, collectively referred as "the diabetic hand." (3) The most common upper limb musculoskeletal disorders associated with DM are adhesive capsulitis, rotator's cuff tendinitis, limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren's disease (DD), trigger finger (TF), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders affect hand functions and activities of daily living (ADL). Aim of the study: to investigate prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and correlations to glycemic control.

Inclusion criteria: patients will be included to this study(cases) if they are:

1. Diabetic patients. 2) Age > 18 years. 3) Diagnosed as type 2.

Exclusion criteria:

Patients will be excluded if they have rheumatoid arthritis, other rheumatological diseases or previous upper limb surgeries.

Sample size calculation: By reviewing literature, it is found that the most relevant study (3) to our work found that the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients is .22 and for control group is .05 so, by using piface calculator (version 1.76) to calculate sample size (power = 0.8, alpha error = 0.05 and beta= 0.2) it is found that we need 71 participants for every group. To increase power of the study will enroll 100 participants for every group.