Neuromodulation and Neuroimaging in Older Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Experimental Cohort:

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 10-15 years at enrollment

• enrolled after 6 weeks of mTBI injury

• exhibiting post-concussive symptoms (e.g., difficulty planning, sequencing, andexecuting a motor action)

• Sustained an mTBI or concussion within the past 12 months

• Parent and child proficient in English

Healthy Controls Cohort:

Inclusion Criteria:

• 10 to 15 years old

• no concussion history

• Parent and child proficient in English

Experimental Cohort:

Exclusion Criteria:

• loss of consciousness > 30 minutes

• post-traumatic amnesia > 24 hours

• intracranial findings on clinical imaging

• history of developmental delay

• history of learning disability or ADHD

• Sustained a lower limb or upper limb injury that has not healed

• History of Seizures

• Noticeable skin lesions/burns or any other severe skin problems at the site of theelectrodes before the start of the stimulation.

• Parent/guardian report metal implants anywhere in the head/ncek/body on the MRIscreening form (see attached).

• Parent/guardian report shrapnel/bullets in the body on the MRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report any electronic implant such as a cardiac pacemaker, cochlearimplant, ventricular shunt, cardiac defibrillator, aneurysm clips, pacing wires, anyimplant held in place with a magnet, heart valve, or deep brain stimulator on theMRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report a craniotomy or any other surgery in the past 6 weeks on theMRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report being claustrophobic on the MRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report and provide orbit x-ray after the eye injury involving ametal that the subject is cleared as indicated on the MRI screening form.

• Pregnant females as reported by parent/guardian on the pre-consent screening form.Pubertal/post-pubertal female participants14 and above will be provided a separatepost-consent screening form at each MRI visit to ensure the female reportsaccurately without fear.

Healthy Controls Cohort:

Exclusion Criteria:

• diagnosed with developmental delay

• sustained a lower limb or upper limb injury that has not healed

• history of Learning Disability and/or ADHD

• Parent/guardian report metal implants anywhere in the head/ncek/body on the MRIscreening form (see attached).

• Parent/guardian report shrapnel/bullets in the body on the MRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report any electronic implant such as a cardiac pacemaker, cochlearimplant, ventricular shunt, cardiac defibrillator, aneurysm clips, pacing wires, anyimplant held in place with a magnet, heart valve, or deep brain stimulator on theMRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report a craniotomy or any other surgery in the past 6 weeks on theMRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report being claustrophobic on the MRI screening form.

• Parent/guardian report and provide orbit x-ray after the eye injury involving ametal that the subject is cleared as indicated on the MRI screening form.

• Pregnant females as reported by parent/guardian on the pre-consent screening form.Post-pubertal females 14 and above will be provided a separate post-consentscreening form at each MRI visit to ensure the female reports accurately withoutfear.