Caffeine Optimization Versus Standard Caffeine Dosage (2B-2)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-39 years of age

• Must demonstrate adequate comprehension of the protocol by achieving a score of atleast 80% correct on a short multiple-choice quiz

Exclusion Criteria:

• Self-reported habitual nightly sleep amounts outside the target range ofapproximately 6-9 hours (i.e., less than 6 hours per night or more than 9 hours pernight, on average)

• Self-reported nighttime bedtimes earlier than approximately 2100 hours on averageduring weeknights (Sunday through Thursday)

• Self-reported morning wake-up times later than approximately 0900 on average duringweekdays (Monday through Friday)

• Self-reported habitual napping (> 3 times per week)

• Self-reported symptoms suggestive of a sleep disorder (to include but not limited tosleep disordered breathing/sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, restlessleg syndrome, parasomnias, rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder, etc.)

• History of a sleep disorder (to include all of the above)

• Any use of prescription or over-the-counter sleep aids during the 6-month periodprior to screening indicative of a potential sleep disorder as determined by theexamining study physician

• History of neurologic disorder (e.g., seizure disorder, amnesia for any reason,hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis)

• Self-reported caffeine use > 400 mg per day on average

• Score of 14 or above on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

• Score of 41 or above on the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T)

• Score below 31 or above 69 on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire

• Self-reported regular nicotine use (> 1 cigarette or equivalent per week) within thelast 1 year) or positive nicotine/cotinine result during screening visit

• Self-reported heavy alcohol use (≥14 drinks per week or as determined by theexamining study physician) or positive saliva alcohol result during screening visit

• History of cardiovascular disease (to include but not limited to arrhythmias,valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, history of sudden cardiac death ormyocardial infarction)

• Underlying acute or chronic pulmonary disease requiring daily inhaler use

• Kidney disease or kidney abnormalities

• Liver disease or liver abnormalities

• Self-reported history of psychiatric disorder requiring hospitalization or use ofpsychiatric medication for any length of time

• Self-reported use of products or drugs that cannot be safely discontinued duringin-laboratory phases (determined on a case-by-case basis by the examining studyphysician)

• Self-reported current use of other illicit drugs (to include but not limited tobenzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana) or positive urine drug screen

• (Females only) positive urine pregnancy result

• (Females only) self-reported or suspected current breast-feeding or collectingbreast milk

• Resting blood pressure above 140/90 or resting pulse > 110 beats per minute (if aphysician performs a repeat measurement, ~20 minutes after original measure, and itis within range, volunteer will not be excluded)

• BMI ≥ 30 (Obese Class I or greater)

• Clinically significant values (as determined by the reviewing study physician) forany hematology or chemistry parameter

• Inability to read and sign consent

• (Military only) failure to obtain required approved official leave to participate

• Failure to cooperate with requirements of the study, e.g. failure to complete 80% ofSmart-Psychomotor Vigilance Tests (PVTs) during Phase 1 (Days 2-13)