Combined MEK, STAT3 and PD-1 Inhibition in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Last updated: June 2, 2025
Sponsor: Peter Hosein, MD
Overall Status: Completed

Phase

1

Condition

Pancreatic Cancer

Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic Disorders

Treatment

Trametinib

Ruxolitinib

Retifanlimab

Clinical Study ID

NCT05440942
20220171
  • Ages > 18
  • All Genders

Study Summary

The purpose of this research is to test whether a combination treatment of Trametinib, Retifanlimab, and Ruxolitinib (TR^2) will reduce tumor size in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Histologically confirmed, metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients withadenosquamous carcinoma and mixed adenocarcinoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) ofthe pancreas are eligible, but pure neuroendocrine neoplasms are excluded.

  2. Progression of disease or intolerance to at least one standard line of chemotherapy.

  3. Patients who are candidate for an anti-PD-1 antibody due to Microsatelliteinstability -High (MSI-H) or tumor mutational burden (TMB)-high status musthave been treated with this drug before being eligible for this trial.

  4. Prior treatment with an anti-PD(L)-1 antibody is allowed unless this therapywas stopped due to an immune-related adverse event.

  5. Patients who are candidate for a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitordue to a germline BRCA1/2 mutation must have been treated with this drug beforebeing eligible for this trial.

  6. At least one tumor measurable by CT scan. Measurable disease is defined as at leastone lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longestdiameter to be recorded for non-nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) as >20 mm with conventional techniques or >10 mm with spiral CT scan.

  7. Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age).

  8. Male or non-pregnant and non-lactating female. Men and women with intactreproductive potential must agree to use contraception as outlined in Section 4.9.

  9. Adequate biological parameters as demonstrated by the following blood counts atScreening (obtained ≤ 21 days prior to enrollment) and at Baseline-Day 0:

  10. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 × 10^9 cells/L.

  11. Platelet count ≥ 100,000 cells/mm3 (100 × 10^9 cells/L).

  12. Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 9 g/dL.

  13. Adequate blood chemistry levels at Screening (obtained ≤ 21 days prior toenrollment) and at Baseline-Day 0:

  14. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT); alanine transaminase (ALT) - serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) range, unless liver metastases are present,then ≤ 5 × ULN is allowed.

  15. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × ULN.

  16. Estimated creatinine clearance of > 60 mL/min (per Cockcroft-Gault formula).

  17. Albumin ≥ 3.0 g/dL.

  18. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status from 0 to ≤ 1 (seeAPPENDIX A: PERFORMANCE STATUS SCALES).

  19. At least two weeks since the last anti-cancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, radiationtherapy).

  20. All toxicities from the last anti-cancer therapy should be resolved to < grade 1.

  21. Patient has been informed about the nature of the study, has agreed to participatein the study, and signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF) prior to participation inany study-related activities.

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients with pure neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas.

  2. Brain metastases.

  3. Uncontrolled ascites.

  4. Increase of ECOG to > 1 between screening and enrollment.

  5. Corrected QT interval (QTcF) > 450 msec.

  6. Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infection(s) requiring systemictherapy.

  7. History of HIV and/or Hepatitis B or C infection.

  8. History of active autoimmune disease that, in the opinion of the Investigator, coulddeteriorate upon treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

  9. Concurrent use of systemic corticosteroids equivalent to or greater than prednisone 10 mg/day within two weeks of start of study therapy.

  10. Receipt of a live vaccine within 30 days prior to enrollment.

  11. Patients who are not up to date on FDA-approved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)vaccination series will be excluded.

  12. Any impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that maysignificantly alter the absorption of the study drugs (e.g., ulcerative diseases,uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, or extensive smallbowel resection).

  13. History of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis.

  14. History of liver disease as follows:

  15. Cirrhosis

  16. Autoimmune hepatitis

  17. Portal hypertension

  18. Drug-induced liver steatosis

  19. Clinically significant, uncontrolled heart disease and/or cardiac repolarizationabnormality, including any of the following:

  20. History of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, symptomatic pericarditis, orcoronary artery bypass graft within six months prior to study entry

  21. Documented cardiomyopathy

  22. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) <50% as determined by Multiple Gatedacquisition (MUGA) scan or echocardiogram (ECHO)

  23. Long QT syndrome or family history of idiopathic sudden death or congenital long QTsyndrome or any of the following risk factors for Torsades de Pointe, includinguncorrected hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, history of cardiac failure, or history ofclinically significant/symptomatic bradycardia.

  24. Concomitant medication(s) with a known risk to prolong the QT interval and/or knownto cause Torsades de Pointe that cannot be discontinued or replaced by safealternative medication (e.g., within five half-lives or seven days prior to startingstudy drug).

  25. Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia), completeleft bundle branch block, high-grade arterioventricular block (e.g., bifascicularblock, Mobitz type II, and third-degree atrioventricular block).

  26. Treatment refractory hypertension defined as a blood pressure of systolic bloodpressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mm Hg thatcannot be controlled by anti-hypertensive therapy.

  27. A history or current evidence/risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or central serousretinopathy (CSR) including:

  28. Presence of predisposing factors to RVO or CSR (e.g., uncontrolled glaucoma orocular hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus,or a history of hyperviscosity or hypercoagulability syndromes); or

  29. Visible retinal pathology as assessed by ophthalmic examination that isconsidered a risk factor for RVO or CSR.

  30. Currently receiving any of the following substances and cannot be discontinued sevendays prior to Cycle 1 Day 1:

  31. Known strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4/5, including grapefruit,grapefruit hybrids, pomelos, star-fruit, and Seville oranges.

  32. Substances that have a narrow therapeutic window and are predominantlymetabolized through CYP3A4/5.

  33. Herbal preparations/medications and/or dietary supplements.

  34. History of allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, theirpharmaceutical class, or any of their excipients.

  35. Concomitant serious medical or psychiatric illness that, in the opinion of theinvestigator, could compromise the patient's safety or integrity of the study data.

  36. Concurrently enrolled in any other interventional clinical protocol orinvestigational trial involving administration of antineoplastic compounds for thetreatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

  37. Patient is unwilling or unable to comply with study procedures.

  38. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity.

Study Design

Total Participants: 28
Treatment Group(s): 3
Primary Treatment: Trametinib
Phase: 1
Study Start date:
January 19, 2023
Estimated Completion Date:
May 30, 2025

Study Description

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) remains a major therapeutic challenge due to its innate and acquired chemoresistance. Three major contributors to therapeutic resistance that have been difficult to overcome in PDAC are mutations in the KRAS oncogene, the presence of a dense desmoplastic stroma that acts as a barrier to drug delivery and effector immune cell infiltration, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that renders the tumor innately resistant to immunotherapy.

The Merchant and Datta labs at the University of Miami (UM) has extensively studied the targeting of downstream effectors of oncogenic RAS. They have shown that mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition (MEKi) results in reciprocal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, which confers therapeutic resistance and continued PDAC cell growth. Combined inhibition of Janus kinases (JAK)/STAT3 (STAT3i) and MEKi overcomes therapeutic resistance following RAS inhibition that is mediated through parallel feedback loop activation.

They have also identified a novel mechanism showing that combined MEKi and STAT3i also inhibits tumor fibrosis and enhances CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) infiltration to the tumor while downregulating immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the TME, resulting in reduced tumor burden and improved survival in genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC.

Furthermore, they have shown that the anti-tumor effects of MEKi and STAT3i are T-cell dependent. This change in the TME, however, is accompanied by sustained PD-L1/PD-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression. The preliminary results further demonstrate that combined MEKi and STAT3i with PD-1 inhibition can harness the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors for an enhanced anti-tumor response.

Based on many years of preclinical investigation, this triplet combination appears to be a promising option and this clinical trial will tests its safety and effectiveness in patients with metastatic PDAC.

Connect with a study center

  • University of Miami

    Miami, Florida 33136
    United States

    Site Not Available

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