The Canadian CABG or PCI in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Trial (STICH3C)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age >18 years;

2. LVEF ≤40% quantified by either echocardiography, SPECT ventriculography, or magneticresonance within 2 months of randomization;

3. Prognostically important multivessel CAD (triple vessel CAD or double vessel diseaseincluding the left anterior descending (LAD) or LM). Significant coronary stenosisis defined as ≥ 70% based on coronary angiography, and/or fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤0.80 or instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) ≤0.89. For LM disease,significant coronary stenosis is defined as >50% based on coronary angiography,intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) minimal luminal area (MLA) ≤6.0 mm2 (<4.5 mm2 Asiandescent), or equivalent optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements;

4. The institutional Heart Team agrees that guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT)has been initiated for ≥1 month in prevalent and newly diagnosed cases. In patientshospitalized with newly diagnosed iLVSD (with or without acute coronary syndrome (ACS)) requiring revascularization before discharge, GDMT needs to be initiated,when possible in-hospital before randomization, with the expectation that it will betitrated to maximally tolerated doses after revascularization;

5. Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Decompensated HF requiring inotropic/adrenergic support, invasive or non-invasiveventilation or intra-aortic balloon pump/ventricular assist device therapy less than 48 hours prior to randomization;

2. Recent (<4 weeks) ST-elevation MI;

3. Concomitant severe valvular disease or other condition such as left ventricularaneurysm requiring surgical repair or replacement;

4. Planned major concomitant surgical procedures (LAAO and AF ablation surgicalprocedures permitted);

5. Prior PCI within the past 12 months (to reduce restenosis events from prior PCIscontributing to the primary outcome);

6. Prior cardiac surgery;

7. Prohibitive bleeding risk mandating avoidance of dual antiplatelet therapy;

8. Circumstances likely to lead to poor treatment adherence;

9. Severe end-organ dysfunction (such as dialysis, liver failure, respiratory failure,cancer) that reduces life expectancy to less than 5 years;

10. Current pregnancy;

11. Patient not amenable to both CABG or PCI according to the Heart Team;

12. Takotsubo/Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/Broken Heart Syndrome.