Nicotinamide in Glaucoma (NAMinG): A Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Multi-centre, Phase III Trial

Last updated: May 7, 2024
Sponsor: University College, London
Overall Status: Active - Recruiting

Phase

3

Condition

Glaucoma

Treatment

Nicotinomide

Matching placebo

Clinical Study ID

NCT05405868
CTU/2020/365
2021-006867-58
  • Ages > 18
  • All Genders

Study Summary

Glaucoma is the leading cause of sight impairment and blindness worldwide. It is a long-term eye disease which can cause permanent loss of sight and sometimes blindness and affects 1 in 50 people over 50 years of age. Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is the most common type of glaucoma. This tends to develop slowly over many years, caused by the drainage pathway in the eye gradually becoming blocked over time due to a build-up of fluid. This build-up causes pressure in the eye to increase (intra-ocular pressure (IOP)), which then damages the important nerve at the back of the eye called the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss. Current treatments offered for glaucoma (eye drops or laser surgery), aim to lower eye pressure and have shown to slow vision loss, however, visual disability and blindness rates remain unacceptably high and many patients continue to lose vision despite these treatments, suggesting that the optic nerve in some patients is more easily damaged. Recent research has looked at cells called 'mitochondria'. These cells produce most of the energy in the body, and the nerve cells in the eye need a lot of energy to function and survive. Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of Vitamin B3 and evidence so far has shown that mitochondrial function can be improved with this treatment. The aim of this trial is to find out whether taking oral NAM when used with current standard treatment for lowering pressure in the eye, can reduce the amount of sight loss in recently diagnosed patients with OAG, and evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of NAM. The trial will use two groups of people recently diagnosed with glaucoma and who have normal care (drops or laser) to lower eye pressure. Using a method of randomisation (randomly allocated to each group using a computer system), one group will be given NAM and the other group will be given a placebo or 'dummy pill'. This is a double masked trial meaning the participant nor the Investigator will be told which treatment group patients have been allocated to.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients who have been recently diagnosed (within the last 12 months) with early tomoderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in at least one eye (including primary OAG, normaltension glaucoma (NTG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma)
  2. Open angle on gonioscopy
  3. Adults aged 18 years or over
  4. Snellen visual acuity 6/12 or better in at least one eye meeting the visual field (VF)criteria
  5. Visual Field (VF) mean deviation (MD) no worse than -12dB in either eye
  6. A negative pregnancy test result at the screening and baseline visit prior torandomisation for women of childbearing potential
  7. Ability to provide informed consent to participate
  8. Able and willing to attend trial visits and comply with trial procedures for theduration of the trial

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pigment dispersion glaucoma
  2. Pregnancy (or planned pregnancy during the trial) and/or breastfeeding
  3. Women of childbearing potential and male participants with a partner of childbearingpotential not willing to use highly effective contraception for the duration of thetrial treatment and for the time period specified following last trial treatmentadministration.
  4. Current treatment with either isoniazid, pyrazinamide, carbamazepine, phenobarbital orprimidone
  5. Current liver disease or laboratory results with elevated levels of livertransaminases (AST or ALT >3 x ULN) at screening visit.
  6. Renal failure (eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m²) at screening visit.
  7. Conditions affecting both eyes which may affect the Visual Field test result:
  8. Diabetic retinopathy or any other retinal disease causing VF loss
  9. Clinically relevant cataract (likely to require cataract surgery within the next 2 years)
  10. Dementia or other non-glaucomatous neurological disease causing VF loss
  11. Adnexal conditions causing VF loss (including but not limited toblepharochalasis)
  12. Diagnosed with cancer in the last 5 years (with exception of non-melanoma skincancer).
  13. Any clinical condition that, in the investigator's opinion would make the participantunsuitable for the trial.
  14. Concurrently enrolled in any other interventional trial or participation in previousclinical trial of glaucoma.
  15. Current use of, and unwilling to abstain from, over-the-counter additional vitaminB3/NAM oral supplements (including skin preparations such as ointments/emulsions),Ginkgo Biloba and/or Coenzyme Q10 supplements, throughout the duration of theirparticipation in the trial.

Study Design

Total Participants: 496
Treatment Group(s): 2
Primary Treatment: Nicotinomide
Phase: 3
Study Start date:
January 18, 2024
Estimated Completion Date:
June 30, 2027

Study Description

Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG) is a chronic optic neuropathy causing progressive vision loss. It is well established that IOP is the only currently modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression, and it is widely accepted that other risk factors modulate the susceptibility of an eye to IOP. This has led to a considerable body of research into neurodegenerative mechanisms and potential neuroprotective approaches. Various pathways contributing to the neurodegeneration have been implicated, and many have focussed on the role of mitochondria. Neuroprotection would significantly reduce sight loss and the burden of IOP-lowering eye drop treatment needed for disease control. There is evidence that susceptibility to IOP is related to mitochondrial function and ageing is associated with mitochondrial functional decline. The knowledge gap addressed in this trial is the relative contribution that mitochondrial function makes to glaucomatous neurodegeneration and whether boosting mitochondrial function with NAM slows progression in humans in the same way that it does in animal models. Biomarkers for mitochondrial-related susceptibility have not yet been established in humans. The proposal therefore is a new mechanism neuroprotection to improve resistance to eye pressure and evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of NAM to preserve vision and its mechanism of action. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with OAG susceptibility and that NAM improves mitochondrial function. Research has shown short-term vision improvement with high-dose NAM in glaucoma patients. NAM is safe and well-tolerated.

Connect with a study center

  • Belfast City Hospital

    Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AB
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

    Cambridge, CB2 OQQ
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

    East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ
    United Kingdom

    Active - Recruiting

  • Royal Liverpool Hospital

    Liverpool, L7 8XP
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

    London, EN5 3DJ
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

    London, SE5 9RS
    United Kingdom

    Active - Recruiting

  • Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

    London, EC1V 2PD
    United Kingdom

    Active - Recruiting

  • Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust

    London, NW3 2QG
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Manchester Royal Eye Hospital

    Manchester, M13 9WL
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

    Norwich, NR4 7UY
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

    Nottingham, NG7 2UH
    United Kingdom

    Site Not Available

  • Queen Alexandra Hospital

    Portsmouth, PO6 3LY
    United Kingdom

    Active - Recruiting

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