Broccoli Effect on Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with prediabetes (confirmed through screening)

• Aged 18 and older.

• Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 - 35 kg/m2.

• Living within 40 miles from the Norwich Research Park.

Exclusion Criteria:

The participant will not be able to take part if they('re):

• Screening test results indicate they are not suitable to take part in this studysuch as HbA1c level at screening visit of < 42 mmol/mol (healthy) and > 47 mmol/mol (diabetes) and BMI at screening visit < 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) and > 35 kg/m2 (extremely obese).

• Have a known allergy to any of the components (broccoli, courgette, milk, lactose,or gluten) of the test soups.

• Have been diagnosed or have a history of blood or clotting disorders such as anaemiaor thrombosis.

• Have been treated for heart disease, cancer, or diabetes.

• Are immunocompromised due to medications or viral infection such humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV).

• Have low or high blood pressure with hypertension medication (≤90/60, ≥160/100respectively would be classed as abnormal).

• Have any acute or chronic illnesses that affects the outcome of the study such as agastrointestinal disorder. This will be assessed on a case by case basis by QImedical advisor.

• Plan to become pregnant during the study duration, pregnant or breastfeeding.

• Frequently take medications that may interfere with sugar metabolism or absorptionsuch as laxatives, steroids, dietary supplements, or anti-inflammatory medications.This will be assessed on a case by case basis by QI medical advisor.

• Drink more than 14 alcohol units/week.

• Smoke socially or on occasion more than 12.5 grams or 20 cigarettes/week

• Vegan or any dietary restrictions that prevent the consumption of study soups orfollow a diet programme which requires fasting for multiple days.

• Are a registered blood donor and have donated a large quantity of blood within thelast 16 weeks. Registered blood donors should abstain from blood donations for theduration of the study.

• Are unable to give written or verbal informed consent

• Unable to provide GP contact details.

• Are participating in another dietary intervention study nor given blood in anotherdietary study in the last 3 months.

• Are related to or living with any member of the study team or part of themanagement/supervisory structure of the Chief Investigator.

• Have symptoms of COVID-19, been asked to self-isolate, or have been diagnosed withCOVID-19 in the last 14 days.