Donor Lymphocyte Infusion After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies

Last updated: April 25, 2025
Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Overall Status: Active - Recruiting

Phase

1/2

Condition

Hematologic Neoplasms

Treatment

Cyclophosphamide

Mycophenolate mofetil

Fludarabine

Clinical Study ID

NCT05327023
10000489
000489-C
  • Ages 12-120
  • All Genders
  • Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Summary

Background:

People with blood cancers often receive blood or bone marrow transplants. But even with these treatments, the risk of relapse is high. Researchers want to see if giving the transplant recipient an infusion of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) from their transplant donor early after the transplant can reduce that risk.

Objective:

To learn if giving donor lymphocytes early after a transplant will help reduce the risk of relapse for people with certain blood cancers.

Eligibility:

Adults aged 18-65 with high-risk leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, or multiple myeloma that does not respond well to standard treatments and/or has a high risk of relapse. Healthy potential bone marrow and lymphocyte donor relatives aged 12 and older are also needed.

Design:

Participants will be screened with:

Physical exam

Blood and urine tests

Spinal tap

Eye exam

Dental exam

Heart and lung tests

Imaging scans. A radioactive substance may be injected in their arm if a PET scan is needed.

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Some screening tests will be repeated during the study.

Participants will stay at the NIH hospital for about 4 weeks. They will receive a central venous catheter. They will get chemotherapy and other drugs starting 6 days before transplant. Then they will have their transplant. They will receive donor white blood cells 7 days later. They will give blood, bone marrow, urine, and stool samples for research. They must stay near NIH for at least 100 days after transplant.

Participants will have periodic follow-up visits for 5 years.

Healthy donors will have 2-3 visits. They will give blood, bone marrow, white blood cells, and stool samples for research.

Participation will last for 5 years....

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Inclusion Criteria - Recipient

  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed hematologic malignancy classified as highor very high disease risk by the Refined Disease Risk Index for HCT including one ofthe following:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with favorable cytogenetics (t(8;21), inv(16),t(15,17)) with induction failure (persistent disease without first achievingremission of any type) or active relapse

  • AML with intermediate cytogenetics (not classified as favorable or adverse) withinduction failure or active relapse (AML with intermediate cytogenetics inmorphologic complete remission [CR] with minimal residual disease detectable by anymodality also will be eligible)

  • AML with adverse cytogenetics (complex karyotype with >= 4 abnormalities) regardlessof remission status

  • Low risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (<= 5% blasts, including chronicmyelomonocytic leukemia) with adverse cytogenetics (abnormal chromosome 7 or >= 4abnormalities) with induction failure or active relapse

  • High risk MDS (RAEB-1 or RAEB-2) with intermediate-risk cytogenetics (no abnormalchromosome 7 or < 4 abnormalities) with induction failure or active relapse

  • High risk MDS (RAEB-1 or RAEB-2) with adverse cytogenetics (abnormal chromosome 7 or >= 4 abnormalities) regardless of remission status

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in CR >= 2 or with induction failure or activerelapse (ALL in CR1 with minimal residual disease detected also will be eligible)

  • Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blast crisis phase

  • Hodgkin lymphoma with stable or progressive disease

  • Mantle cell lymphoma with stable or progressive disease

  • Relapsed Burkitt lymphoma in CR or partial remission (PR)

  • Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,transformed indolent B-cell lymphoma) with stable or progressive disease

  • T-cell NHL with stable or progressive disease

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) with induction failure as defined by failure to achieveminimal response (CR, Very Good Partial Response [VGPR], or PR) or the developmentof progressive disease on primary therapy, or MM with active relapse as defined bypreviously treated myeloma that achieved a molecular response or better that thenprogressed

  • Age 18-65 years.

  • At least one potentially suitable HLA-haploidentical or HLA-matched donor

  • Karnofsky performance score >=60%

  • Recipient participants must have adequate organ function as defined below:

  • Cardiac ejection fraction >=45% by 2D ECHO;

  • Forced expiratory volume-1 (FEV-1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusingcapacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (corrected for hemoglobin) all of >=50% predicted;

  • Estimated serum creatinine clearance of >=60 ml/minute/1.73m2 calculated using eGFRin the clinical lab;

  • Total bilirubin <=2X the upper limit of normal;

  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <=3X the upperlimit of normal.

  • Myeloablative conditioning is toxic to the developing human fetus and isteratogenic. For this reason, the following measures apply:

  • Women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) and men must agree to use highly effectivecontraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior tostudy entry and for at least one-year post-transplant.

  • WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior toenrollment.

Inclusion Criteria - Donor

-Related donor (age >=12) deemed suitable, eligible, and willing to donate, per clinical evaluations, who are additionally willing to donate blood, bone marrow, and stool for research. Related donors will be evaluated in accordance with existing Standard Policies and Procedures for determination of eligibility and suitability for clinical donation.

Exclusion

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Exclusion Criteria - Recipient

  • Subjects who are receiving any other investigational agents. Prior experimentaltherapies must have been completed at least 3 weeks prior to the date of beginningconditioning.

  • Prior myeloablative conditioning for autologous or allogeneic HCT.

  • Active breastfeeding.

  • Active malignancy of non-hematopoietic type (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers)which is metastatic, relapsed/refractory to treatment, or locally advanced and notamenable to curative treatment. This excludes non-melanoma skin cancers.

  • Uncontrolled intercurrent illness (e.g. severe endocrinopathy, disseminatedintravascular coagulation, profound electrolyte disturbance, active hepatitis,uncontrolled dental infection) that in the opinion of the PI would make it unsafe toproceed with transplantation.

Exclusion Criteria - Donor

None.

Study Design

Total Participants: 430
Treatment Group(s): 6
Primary Treatment: Cyclophosphamide
Phase: 1/2
Study Start date:
May 23, 2022
Estimated Completion Date:
July 02, 2029

Study Description

Background:

  • High-risk hematologic malignancies generally are incurable without an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), but even HCT is associated with high risk of relapse and very poor overall survival.

  • Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) have been used to prevent relapse in high-risk diseases; preemptive DLIs have been used for MRD positivity or decreasing donor chimerism post-transplant; and, therapeutic DLIs have been used to treat overt morphologic relapse post-transplant.

  • Prophylactic, preemptive, and therapeutic DLIs can cause significant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), both acute and chronic, based on the dose of lymphocytes, timing of the infusion, and use of preparative chemotherapy, although these same factors also may impact on the therapeutic efficacy (graft-versus-tumor immunity of the DLI).

  • Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) reduces rates of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the immunosuppressive burden after HCT.

  • In pre-clinical HCT models, very large DLI doses can be given after PTCy, even as early as 24 hours after PTCy treatment, and significant GVHD is not induced, different from that seen for DLI infusions in mice treated with T-cell-depleted HCT, in which fatal GVHD is rapidly induced. This effect in PTCy-treated mice is dependent on Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.

  • In patients treated at the NIH Clinical Center, DLI has been given for clinical reasons as early as 1 month post-transplant in PTCy-treated patients for infection, falling chimerism, or relapse and did not cause GVHD in these settings when additional conditioning was not given and T-cell-depleting antibodies were not used, both of which may disrupt the regulatory mechanisms induced after PTCy that are needed to control GVHD.

  • The early integration of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as DLIs, after PTCy has the potential to prevent relapse in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies, which may result in improved survival in such patients.

Objectives:

-To determine the maximally tolerated dose of DLI that can be safely administered after HLA-matched-related HCT and after HLA-haploidentical HCT

Eligibility:

-Recipient Participant:

  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed hematologic malignancy classified as high or very high disease risk by the Refined Disease Risk Index for HCT

  • Age 18-65

  • At least one potentially suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related or HLA-haploidentical donor.

  • Karnofsky performance score >=60

  • Adequate organ function

Design:

  • Open-label, single-center, non-randomized, phase I/II study

  • All recipient participants will receive myeloablative conditioning, HLA-matched-related or HLA-haploidentical bone marrow HCT, GVHD prophylaxis including post- transplantation cyclophosphamide, and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion

  • There will be 2 cohorts of recipient participants: one with HLA-matched-related donors and one with HLA-haploidentical donors

  • For HLA-matched HCT, the study will proceed to a small, three-level [1) DLI: 1 x 10^6 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7, 2) DLI: 3 x 10^6 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7, 3) DLI: 1 x 10^7 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7] phase I dose escalation study based on the standard 3+3 approach

  • For HLA-haploidentical HCT, the study will proceed to a small, three-level [1) DLI: 1 x 10^5 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7, 2) DLI: 3 x 10^5 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7, 3) DLI: 1 x 10^6 CD3+ cells/kg on day +7] phase I dose escalation study based on the standard 3+3 approach

  • Recipient participants will be evaluated for development of steroid-refractory grade III- IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day +60 as the dose-limiting toxicity.

  • Phase II will proceed with DLI at the dose level (separately determined for each HLA cohort) which is associated with 0-1 of 6 recipient participants with steroid refractory grade III-IV aGVHD at day +60 and the least amount of toxicity.

  • Simon optimal two-stage phase II trial design, to rule out excess steroid refractory grade III-IV aGVHD with the addition of prophylactic DLI, will be used in the phase II portion of the study which will enroll an additional 14 evaluable subjects in each cohort.

Connect with a study center

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda, Maryland 20892
    United States

    Active - Recruiting

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