Virtual Reality Pain Study

Inclusion Criteria:

• • patients at least 18 years of age,
• reported pain in last 24 hours ≥ 3 on the Numerical Rating Scales (NRS),
• patients undergoing surgery,
• expected hospital length of stay of at least 48 hours,
• English fluency,
• willing to comply with study procedures.
• Hx opioid use

Exclusion Criteria:

• • gross cognitive impairment that would interfere with the ability to consent orcomplete study procedures
• current or prior diagnosis of epilepsy, seizure disorder, dementia, or migraines,
• hypersensitivity to flashing light or motion,
• history of motion sickness or cyber sickness,
• medical condition predisposing to or current nausea, vomiting or dizziness,
• stereoscopic vision or severe hearing impairment,
• injury to eyes, face or neck that impedes comfortable use of virtual reality,
• cancer related pain,
• PHQ-9 screen indicating suicidal ideation, patients will be referred toappropriate clinical intervention (see suicide protocol)
• currently pregnant,
• current or recent completion of participation in any interventional pain study (with in past 2 months)
• substance abuse (alcohol or illegal drugs): Alcohol- NIAAA definition of heavydrinking as more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 14 drinks per week formen, more than 3 drinks on any day or more than 7 drinks per week for women. Anyillegal drugs including marijuana