Cohort Study of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Chinese Han

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with CVD, defined as at least one diagnosis of coronary heart disease,hypertension, type 2 diabetes or cardiomyopathy. The definition of coronary heartdisease was stenosis of the main coronary arteries ≥ 50% using percutaneous coronaryangiography or coronary computed tomography angiography findings. The definition ofhypertension was systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or pharmacological treatment. The definition of type 2 diabetes was fasting bloodglucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, random blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L and HbA1c > 6.5% or the orthe use of hypoglycaemic medications. Cardiomyopathy was defined as the presence ofcardiac insufficiency in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy suggested bypercutaneous coronary angiography or coronary CT angiography use of hypoglycaemicmedications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• primary diagnoses of atherosclerosis (stenosis of the main coronary arteries < 50%),congenital heart diseases, arrhythmia, lung diseases, aortic dissection, peripheralvascular diseases, pericardial diseases, myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,heart valvular diseases, cardiophobia, costal chondritis, shock, thyroid diseases,infection or concomitant liver or renal dysfunction.