Pre-test measures: Interested participants will be invited to either the Exercise
Physiology laboratory the Augustana campus of the University of Alberta, or the Physical
Activity and Diabetes Laboratory on the main campus of the University of Alberta. They
will be asked questions related to menopause, PA levels, and medication. Blood pressure
and heart rate will also be measured. Where participants are eligible, anthropometric
characteristics will be measured using standard protocols. A blood sample will be drawn
for assessment of HbA1c. Those who meet all eligibility criteria and complete informed
consent forms will be asked to complete the initial exercise tests. Participants will
perform a maximal aerobic capacity test with ECG monitoring, under the supervision of a
certified exercise physiologist. Indirect calorimetry will be used to assess oxygen
consumption and carbon dioxide production and will be used to extrapolate the
participant's aerobic capacity. Participants will undergo a strength test for each of the
ten exercises involved in the study, in order to estimate the their 1 repetition maximum.
Participants will also be asked to undergo a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
for body composition in the Clinical Research Unit at the Alberta Diabetes Institute.
While this procedure generally requires proof of a negative pregnancy test, participants
will be provided with a waiver in order to decline this test (in light of their
menopausal status).
Testing sessions: Participants will be asked to arrive at the lab at around 4:00 pm for
all three sessions, which will be randomly assigned. During the sessions, participants
will be asked to perform one of the three activities: 1) seated rest 2) aerobic exercise
(walking on a treadmill at 50% of the participant's pre-determined VO2max) or 3)
resistance exercise consisting of 1 set of 10 repetitions of 10 different exercises with
90 seconds rest between sets. Blood samples will be drawn at baseline, after 10, 20 and
30 minutes of exercise, along with 30- and 60-minutes post-exercise via an IV catheter.
Indirect calorimetry will be used to ensure that the participant is exercising at the
appropriate intensity. Participants will be asked to match their daily food and insulin
intake as closely as possible from one testing session to the next for the day before,
day of and day after the testing session. The investigators will provide them with log
sheets to assist in this task. They will also be asked to avoid strenuous exercise and
alcohol intake.
A CGM sensor will be subcutaneously inserted by one of the investigators (trained by a
group from the CGM manufacturer) into the anterior abdominal area of the participant, or
on the back of the arm of the participant, approximately 2 days prior to the first
testing session. The Dexcom G6 CGM receiver will store glucose data every 5 minutes for
up to 10 days. The participant will be instructed on how to remove their sensor at least
24 hours after the exercise session, and will be asked to return the receiver to enable
the upload of their data to Dexcom Clarity by the study team.
Interviews: During the third and final testing session, study participants will be
invited to answer questions about their study participation experience, exercise
preferences, barriers to exercise, and other information they feel may improve their
exercise experience. These interviews will be audio recorded and transcribed.
