Neuropathic pain in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) has been attributed to altered
pain processing-related brain function. However, recent studies showed that SCI-related
brain alterations impact more than pain perception alone, because adults with SCI also
have altered body awareness. As suggested by previous brain imaging studies, SCI-related
neuropathic pain could be viewed as part of a broader body awareness deficit, affecting
connectivity with two brain areas -the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) and the insula-
which are essential for the formation of body awareness as well as for pain perception.
Previous data imply that improving body awareness could restore the altered pain pathways
and lead to neuropathic pain relief. However, for SCI, restoring the pain pathways and
relieving neuropathic pain through body awareness training have been a challenge in the
rehabilitation field. In this proposal, the investigators will test the hypothesis that
Qigong -a mind and body approach that incorporates gentle body movements, paired with a
focus on breathing and body awareness to promote health and wellness- could reduce
SCI-related neuropathic pain by improving body awareness. Enhancing body awareness may
also be beneficial for adults with "discomplete" SCI, characterized by complete
transection as judged by clinical criteria, but with neurophysiological evidence of
conduction through the level of damage.
The central hypothesis is that Qigong restores body awareness and sensory and pain
perception processing through restoring OP1/OP4 and insula connectivity, thereby reducing
or relieving pain. It is further hypothesized that Qigong practice is feasible and safe
for adults with SCI and that kinesthetic imagery of Qigong movements (for those unable to
perform arm movements) versus performing the movements will have the same effect on brain
function in key pain areas, and on reducing pain. If these hypotheses are supported, the
outcomes could be transformative in (i) showing a potentially effective therapy for
neuropathic pain relief that can be done at home, (ii) delineating underlying neural
mechanisms of how Qigong relieves neuropathic pain, and (iii) demonstrating that body
awareness training can improve signal conduction in discomplete SCI.
Specific Aim 1: Determine whether 12 weeks of Qigong is feasible and well tolerated in 64
individuals with SCI with either paraplegia (n=32) or tetraplegia (n=32).
Specific Aim 2: Determine whether 12 weeks of Qigong practice reduces moderate to severe
below-level neuropathic pain in 64 individuals with SCI with either paraplegia (n=32) or
tetraplegia (n=32).
Specific Aim 3: Determine whether 12 weeks of Qigong practice restores brain activity and
connectivity related to pain processing in adults with SCI.