The improvement in ARDS mortality over the last 20 years seems to be largely explained by the
reduction of mechanical ventilation-induced injury (VILI). VILI is essentially related to
volotrauma closely associated with "strain" and "stress". The pulmonary stress corresponds to
the transpulmonary pressure (alveolar pressure - pleural pressure), and the strain to the
change in lung volume related to the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the injured lung
at PEEP = 0. The volotrauma corresponds therefore to the generalized excess of stress and
strain on the injured lung.
The initial therapeutic strategy consists in protective ventilation with a tidal volume of 6
ml/kg of theoretical ideal weight (predicted by height), associated with a high respiratory
rate between 25 and 30 cycles per minute to control PaCO2 (< 50 mmHg), apply a high positive
expiratory pressure PEEP according to FiO2, maintain a plateau pressure (PP) lower than 30
cmH20, reduce instrumental dead space, use curarization, recruitment maneuvers such as
alternate prone, improve ventilation-perfusion adequacy using inhaled NO.
As a last resort, extracorporeal oxygenation by veno-venous ECMO is a device to supplement
respiratory function by improving oxygenation and ensuring decarboxylation. Veno-venous ECMO
is indicated in severe ARDS with PaO2/FiO2 < 80 mmHg and/or when mechanical ventilation
becomes unsafe due to increased plateau pressure despite optimized ARDS management including
high PEEP levels, curarization and prone position.
After lung resection surgery, the incidence of ARDS is 2-8% and its prognosis remains more
poor, despite advances in management, with a mortality of up to 60%. Risk factors include
intraoperative vascular filling, type of pulmonary resection, and predicted postoperative
respiratory function. Early support with VV ECMO is vital in some patients to treat severe
hypoxemia, due to variable surgical reduction of lung parenchyma depending on carcinological
involvement or initial lung pathology. ). There are very few data concerning these patients
with pulmonary resection. The primary objective of this study is to describe the prevalence
of ARDS and the risk factors for its occurrence after pulmonary resection surgery. The
secondary objective is to compare the ventilation parameters (especially motor pressure) in
patients with reduced lung parenchyma in ARDS under VV ECMO with those who did not use VV
ECMO assistance.
