While the BETTER program has been shown to successfully increase the number of preventive
care and screening actions completed by patient participants after six months, it is
known that it is difficult to maintain new health behaviours in the long-term.
Unfortunately, it is not feasible to fund health professionals to offer repeated
follow-up visits over the time needed to turn initial behaviour changes into long-term
habits. Therefore, the investigators are building upon the existing BETTER program by
adding a peer health coaching extension that will provide time-limited coaching for
patients who want support as they work towards achieving preventive health goals. This
approach takes advantage of growing awareness of the role of lay health coaches in
improving and extending the quality and value of primary care.
This is a three-site, pragmatic, wait-list-controlled, randomized, Type 1 hybrid
effectiveness-implementation trial with blinded outcome collection after 6 months. One
site will be an urban, academic, hospital-based clinic; the second will be a clinic
serving a greater proportion of patients from rural areas; and the third site will be a
suburban clinic with a large South Asian population. Investigators will invite women who
are 40-68 years old to have a single visit with a prevention practitioner and receive
behaviour change support for up to six months from a health coach. Coaches will do a
24-hr training course, which includes special techniques to support health behaviour
change, before they are matched to a patient. At the suburban site, only South Asian peer
health coaches will be recruited and this work is being guided by a South Asian Community
Advisory Council made up of members of various community organizations in that region.
Patients who enroll in BETTER Women will be randomized to receive health coaching either
immediately (intervention group) or after a 6-month delay (wait-list control group).
Effectiveness of the program will be assessed by evaluating for each patient, how many of
a set of target chronic disease prevention and screening actions were completed at six
months, in comparison to baseline. Investigators will also assess whether patients
achieved the health goals that they set with their prevention practitioners,
physiological markers of health, as well as habits and behaviours related to diet,
physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. These outcomes will be collected via
electronic surveys administered at baseline, 3- and 6-months* post enrollment as well as
through extraction of data from the patients' electronic medical records and BETTER
program documents. These outcomes will be compared between the two groups of patients in
the study. Additionally, investigators will survey intervention group participants and
extract relevant data from their electronic medical records at 12-months* post
enrollment.
An embedded process evaluation will be conducted during the trial to examine the
implementation of the program. The process evaluation will include collection of program
data, electronic surveys administered to patients as well as qualitative interviews with
intervention group patients, peer health coaches and prevention practitioners.
Investigators will examine how acceptable the program was to patients; whether and why
any adaptations were made; how well the program was utilized; how well the coaches
delivered the intervention (e.g., what behaviour change techniques were used); how
engaged patients and coaches were with the program; and mechanism(s) of action.
Ultimately, investigators expect to gain an understanding of the program's
sustainability, acceptability, cost-effectiveness, and factors that might impact future
attempts at spread and scale.
Investigators expect to see that women in the intervention group (i.e., those who had a
health coach) will complete more preventive and screening actions after six months.
Investigators also expect to see that women in the intervention group will make more
progress on achieving health goals and making lifestyle changes which reduce the risk of
chronic diseases and cancers, that the intervention will increase women's access to
resources in their primary care clinics and community, as well as improve the women's
ability to maintain healthy behaviours.
Note*: The investigators initially planned to collect surveys and data for the primary
outcome (for both groups) at 12 months post enrollment. However, due to pandemic-related
recruitment challenges, the data collection timeline was amended as described above to
allow more time for recruitment within the project timeline.