Network-targeted Theta-burst Stimulation for Episodic Memory Improvement in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Inclusion Criteria:

• Agreement to participate in the study

• 55-100 years of age

• Right-handedness

• In good general health

• Living independently

• Subjective memory complaints (self-report and positive score on MFQ)

• Katz ADL scale and Lawton iADL scale: We will review scores on a case-by-case basisif they did not score 100%. We will exclude if the scores show impairment in ADLsthat suggests problems with independent functioning due to cognitive impairment.

• MMSE score > 24

• PHQ Depression score =< 7

• Ability to read, write, and speak English fluently

• Diagnosis of mild neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria. Participants with subjectivememory complaints without an aMCI diagnosis will be reviewed on a case-by-case basisbased on neuropsychological scores. Participants scoring a raw score of 0 or 3standard deviations below normative expectations on the long delay recall in two ormore of the three tasks (BVMT-R, RCFT, and CVLT-III) will be excluded.

• No change in use of psychotropic medication for treatment of depression, anxiety,ADHS or psychosis 1 month prior and during the study.

Screening diagnostic criteria for aMCI will be subjective memory complaints, intact instrumental and basic activities of daily living (Smith et al., 1996), PHQ, MMSE, BVMT-R (25-minute delay), CVLT-II (20-minute delay), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Task (30-minute delay). Baseline assessments will include neuropsychological testing of all study subjects.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent

• Diagnosis of dementia

• Active major medical, psychiatric, or neurologic disorder associated withneurocognitive impairment

• History of alcohol or substance abuse

• Recent (< 6 months) alcohol or substance abuse (excluding nicotine or caffeine)

• History of stroke (if the stroke in our judgment is related to the memory problem),traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness, or other neurologic disorder (e.g., epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease)

• Non-English speaking participants

• Not right handed based on self-report or evaluation based on a standard report

• Has received TMS before (not TMS naïve)

• Poorly controlled hypertension or cardiovascular disease

• Current enrollment in a memory-enhancement study or course

• Contraindication to TMS or MRI including claustrophobia, metal in body, surgerywithin 60 days, certain implants, or previous abnormal MRI results.

• scanning facial tattoos is okay if safe with MRI

• is taking:

• anticholinergic medication (e.g., Detrol, Cogentin);

• sedating antihistamine (e.g., Benadryl);

• any drug that has significant anticholinergic or antihistaminic side effects (e.g., tricyclic antidepressant medications, Remeron).

• benzodiazepines. While not a strict rule out, this will be decided on acase-by-case basis depending on the dose.