Reducing Stigma Among Healthcare Providers (RESHAPE-cRCT)

Phase

N/A

Condition

Alcohol Use Disorder

Anxiety Disorders

Panic Disorders

Treatment

mental health Gap Action Programme

Reducing Stigma among Healthcare Providers (RESHAPE)

Clinical Study ID

NCT04282915

R01MH120649

Ages > 16
All Genders
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Summary

A growing number of trials have demonstrated treatment effectiveness for mental illness by non-specialist providers, such as primary care providers, in low-resource settings. A barrier to scaling up these evidence-based practices is the limited uptake from trainings into service provision and lack of fidelity to evidence-based practices among non-specialists. This arises, in part, from stigma among non-specialists against people with mental illness. Therefore, interventions are needed to address attitudes among non- specialists. To address this gap, REducing Stigma among HeAlthcare Providers to improvE Mental Health services (RESHAPE), is an intervention for non-specialists in which social contact with persons with mental illness is added to training and supervision programs. A cluster randomized control trial will address primary objectives including changes in stigma (Social Distance Scale) and improved quality of mental health services, operationalized as accuracy of identifying patients with mental illness in primary care. The control condition is existing mental health training and supervision for non-specialists delivered through the Nepal Ministry of Health's adaptation of the World Health Organization mental health Gap Action Programme. The intervention condition will incorporate social contact with people with mental illness into existing training and supervision. Participants in the cluster randomized control trial will be the direct beneficiaries of training and supervision (primary care providers) and indirect beneficiaries (their patients). Primary care workers' outcomes include stigma (Social Distance Scale), knowledge (mental health Gap Action Programme knowledge scale), implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Test), clinical self-efficacy (mental health Gap Action Programme knowledge scale), and clinical competence (Enhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors) to be assessed pre-training, post-training, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Accuracy of diagnoses will be determined through the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5, which will be assessed at 3 months after patient enrollment. Patient outcomes include functioning, quality of life, psychiatric symptoms, medication side effects, barriers to care, and cost of care assessed at enrollment and 3 and 6 months. This study will inform decisions regarding inclusion of persons living with mental illness in training primary care providers.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Primary Care Providers

Inclusion Criteria:

All health workers from the facilities included in the study will be invited toparticipate
Health workers will be between 18 and 65 years of age based on employment criteria
within the government health system.
All participants will need to have Nepali language competency,
be actively engaged in care provision in their health cluster,
have a valid certificate of practice from the Ministry of Health
Health workers will need to have permission from their health supervisor to attendthe entire duration of the training,

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

any prior citations on their clinical practice licensure or any other governmentcredentialing violations.

Patients

Inclusion Criteria:

All patients (with non-emergency medical needs) presenting to the primary care
any of the following groups:
(a) any mental illness diagnosis including depression, psychosis (bipolar disorderwith a manic episode, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder with psychoticfeatures, and alcohol use disorder with psychosis) and alcohol use disorder; plusthe other conditions included in Nepal's mental health Gap Action Programme:anxiety, conversion, epilepsy, dementia, child and adolescent, other substance abuse (these patients are included because misdiagnosis is common with regard to missingor overdiagnosing one condition in place of another mental illness); comorbidconditions are also acceptable;
(b) any patients screening above cut-off scores on the tools; and
(c) 10% of patients who are negative on all of the above criteria.
any patients previously treated for mental illness would be included
age range will be 16 years or older, with no upper age limit (mental health GapAction Programme training covers child and adolescent through mental illnessesaffecting elderly population).
all participants will be able to speak Nepali
able to complete the research interview with the research assistants who will readall of the assessment tools.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with immediate medical needs requiring referral and emergency services (e.g., serious injury; pre-eclampsia; dehydration; status epilepticus)
patients needing acute psychiatric services (e.g., suicide attempts, alcoholwithdrawal, psychosis/mania that cannot be managed in a community setting) who arereferred for immediate hospitalization
Patients under the age of 16 years old will be excluded

Study Design

mental health Gap Action Programme

February 22, 2022

March 31, 2025

Study Description

There continues to be a major gap between the global burden of persons with mental illness and the number of patients receiving adequate treatment. In the U.S. and other high-income countries, approximately 1 out of 5 persons receives minimally adequate care. In lower-middle income countries, it ranges from 1 out of 27 to 1 out of 100 persons. To address this gap in low- and middle-income countries, a key strategy has been the use of primary care health workers to detect and deliver of care for mental illness. The World Health Organization has developed the mental health Gap Action Programme to train primary care workers to detect mental illness and deliver evidence-supported treatment. However, research to date suggests that implementation strategies for mental health Gap Action Programme are inadequate as evidenced by low detection rates. In Nepal, fewer than half of persons with mental illness were correctly identified by mental health Gap Action Programme-trained primary care workers. A potential barrier to effective implementation of primary care detection is stigma among primary care workers against persons with mental illness.

Our preliminary work suggests that reducing primary care workers' stigma against persons with mental illness may improve accurate detection of mental illness. A version of the mental health Gap Action Programme training that includes a stigma reduction component was developed: REducing Stigma among HealthcAre ProvidErs (RESHAPE). In RESHAPE, persons with mental illness (i.e., service users) are trained to share recovery stories, conduct myth-busting sessions, and promote mental health advocacy. A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in Nepal comparing standard mental health Gap Action Programme training delivered psychiatrists and psychosocial specialists with a mental health Gap Action Programme training delivered by both specialists and service users (RESHAPE). Consistent with high-income country literature demonstrating that interaction with service users reduces stigma more effectively that only providing knowledge, stigma was lower among the RESHAPE- arm trained health workers. The pilot results also suggest that reducing stigma may improve detection of mental illness. Therefore, involvement of mental health service users in training primary care workers may reduce stigma, and that stigma reduction may mediate improved detection of mental illness. If these findings are confirmed in an appropriately powered cluster randomized controlled trial, this service user collaborative implementation strategy could make a major contribution to improving primary care detection in low- and middle-income countries, as well as in the U.S. A hybrid implementation-effectiveness (type-3) cluster randomized controlled trial will be in Nepal comparing mental health Gap Action Programme standard implementation with the RESHAPE implementation strategy. Our team of U.S. and Nepali researchers, in partnership with the Nepal Ministry of Health, demonstrated the feasibility of the cluster randomized controlled trial design and identified strategies for cost effectiveness modeling. Target conditions will be depressive disorder, psychotic disorders, and alcohol use disorder.

Aim 1 - To evaluate the impact of the RESHAPE service user engagement on stigma among primary care workers. Hypothesis: Primary care workers in the RESHAPE arm will have less stigma toward persons with mental illness (measured with the Social Distance Scale) 3 months after training compared with primary care workers in the standard training.

Aim 2 - To evaluate the impact of the RESHAPE training on accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of detection, as measured by the proportion of true positive and true negative diagnoses among patients presenting to primary care facilities, as confirmed by a psychiatrist's structured clinical interview; and to evaluate stigma as a mediator of differences in accuracy. Hypothesis: Primary care workers in the RESHAPE arm will have greater accuracy of detecting mental illness. Secondary analyses: implementation arm differences in patient quality adjusted life years and cost utility will be evaluated.

Connect with a study center

Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal
Pokhara, Gandaki
Nepal
Active - Recruiting

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