In brief, 200 community-dwelling veterans with significant, untreated PTSD symptoms will be
randomized to one of 2 groups: a no-treatment control group for one month/30-days, followed
by receiving the phone app. And a treatment group that will receive the Mobile app or
Mindfulness Coach mobile phone app. Potential participants will be identified from targeted
Facebook and other social media outreach efforts.
Investigators at Stanford/VAPAHCS will be responsible for recruitment of the Veteran sample.
Those who view an advertisement will be directed to the study website, hosted by Stanford's
Qualtrics domain, where they will be provided with information about the study, screened for
eligibility, and then provided with an informed consent document. Participants will then be
randomized to one of the two groups and provided with an invitation and hyperlink that either
a) provides them with information about when they will next be contacted (30-days after
initial assessment) (control group), or b) a link that allows them to download the study app
(Mindfulness Coach) onto their smart phone. Participants in Group 1 will then be encouraged
to use the Mindfulness Coach app as often or as little as they like. Outcomes will be
evaluated using objective measures of engagement with the intervention, changes in
self-report measures of mindful awareness, attention, and psychological well-being, and
qualitative experiences (phone interview) associated with use of each intervention. Barriers
to implementation and identified strategies for overcoming barriers will be catalogued over
the duration of the study.
Description of Each Condition:
GROUP 1. Mindfulness Coach Mobile App (n = 100). Participants in this condition will complete
3 assessments: initial, end of month two and end of month four. Each participant, following
initial assessment will be provided with a link to download the Mindfulness Coach mobile app
as well as with brief recommendations for how to use the app over the subsequent 16 weeks of
the study. Mindfulness Coach is a mobile app for iPhone and Android, developed by the VA
National Center for PTSD in collaboration with National Center for Telehealth and Technology
(T2). Mindfulness Coach has been widely downloaded and is the 2nd most popular VA app
available to the general public. Mindfulness Coach provides 4 primary treatment components:
- psychoeducation about PTSD and Mindfulness (e.g., "What is Mindfulness?", "Why Practice
Mindfulness?", "Mindfulness for Veterans", "Benefits of Mindfulness for PTSD", "Practice
Challenges with PTSD", and "PTSD Symptoms During Practice"), 2) self-monitoring tools for
tracking mindfulness practice, 3) 9 audio- guided mindfulness exercises (e.g., "Mindful
Breathing", "Body Scan", "Clouds in the Sky", etc.), and 4) reminders to regularly practice
mindfulness exercises.
GROUP 2. Will serve, initially, as a No Treatment Control Group (n = 100) for 60- days
(one-month). Participants in this condition will initially be provided with links to
resources for Veterans with PTSD (http://ptsd.va.gov) and will be told that they will be
contacted again in 8 weeks (60 days) to complete a second assessment. Each participant will
then be provided with a link to download the Mindfulness Coach mobile app and with brief
recommendations for how to use the app over the subsequent 8 weeks of the study (see
description above). Participants will participate in a final follow up survey 8 weeks after
receiving the app.