Technology has led to a significant revisioning and modification of the models of medicine in
practice today. It has been suggested that the best medicine should include four principles -
Medicine should be personalized, predictive, preventative and participatory. This 4P medicine
will thus be patient centered with a focus on the person who has the disease and not the
disease the person has. It will be predictive as it identifies the preclinical trend/decline
towards illness sooner than onset of symptoms that herald the loss of function and health. It
will be preventative as the information gathered should offer opportunities to modify these
trajectories towards illness and finally it will be participatory as individuals will be
intimately involved in the gathering of data to identify trends and in the application of
lifestyle measures to improve the quality of their life.
Technology has provided the tools to collect data in ways not previously possible.
Individuals can now collect information on their genome (including their genetic
predisposition to tolerate medications and to respond to healthy lifestyle programs) that
will modify their lifestyle and therapeutic choices. Beyond spot checks of vital signs and
weight, individuals can now collect information on body composition, continuous monitoring of
heart rate, blood pressure, and even blood sugar. Data on food consumption at a caloric,
macronutrient and even micronutrient level can be collected. Standard medical histories and
detailed physical examination findings and laboratory biomarkers can be correlated with this
data.
As has been noted in the Nathan Price et al. article, "A wellness study of 108 individuals
using personal, dense, dynamic data clouds" (PMID: 28714965), a significant challenge to the
effective use of these complex sets of individual patient data is how to define the
boundaries between disease, average health and optimal wellbeing. To meet this challenge,
compiling and analyzing collections of de-identified, detailed patient histories,
questionnaires regarding symptoms and general condition, and associated objective findings
(genomic data, vital signs, and physical exam and laboratory biomarkers) will theoretically
identify these boundaries and will facilitate the deliverance of 4P Medicine. Comprehensive
data collections on each subject evaluated in aggregate provides a diversity of uniqueness
markers that can be statistically probed to identify patterns that predict wellbeing and
perhaps individual response to lifestyle interventions.
An additional challenge for both the patient and their health care provider in 2018 and
beyond is how to manage this data in an effective manner. Collections of individual patient
data will need to be managed through computer programs and smart phone applications that
provide direct feedback about the influence of lifestyle on health, wellness and biomarkers.
To this end, Metagenics is designing and is launching a smart phone application, PLX, for
individual use by patients and their healthcare providers. After and while a statistical
analysis of this data set has been/is being completed, the data set will also be used in an
initial beta test of the PLX operating system. The PLX application will not be used to
conduct the statistical analysis which is the primary objective of this study."