Combined Treatment of Durvalumab, Bevacizumab, Tremelimumab and Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in Subjects With Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Biliary Tract Carcinoma

Last updated: March 21, 2026
Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Overall Status: Active - Not Recruiting

Phase

2

Condition

Carcinoma

Liver Cancer

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Treatment

durvalumab

Doxorubicin-Eluting Beads

TACE

Clinical Study ID

NCT03937830
190094
19-C-0094
  • Ages 18-120
  • All Genders

Study Summary

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. Most people with advanced HCC survive an average of 6 to 9 months. Researchers are evaluating a combination of treatment drugs to delay the progression of HCC; aiming to help people with HCC live longer.

Objective:

To study the 6-month progression-free survival in people with advanced HCC treated with bevacizumab, durvalumab, and TACE.

Eligibility:

Adults ages 18 and older with intermediate or advanced HCC

Design:

Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will have tests to evaluate their hearts as well as blood and urine. A CT and/or MRI scans will be done during the study. If a prior tumor sample is not available; participants may undergo a biopsy. They may undergo an endoscopy of their esophagus and stomach.

Participants will get the study drugs in 21-day cycles:

Two treatment drugs will be injected into a vein every 3 weeks.

Patients will have an interventional treatment procedure done by interventional radiology under sedation; chemotherapy beads will be infused into artery branches in the liver. Participants may have to stay in the hospital for 24 hours for observation, after this procedure. This interventional procedure may be done more than once during the study.

Participants may need to repeat some of the screening tests throughout the study.

Participants may have to stop taking some of their cancer treatment drugs during the study.

Participants will continue on the study until their cancer progresses or until the side effects of the treatment drugs are not tolerable.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:

  • Participants must have

  • histopathological confirmation of HCC (Cohorts 1 and 3)

OR

  • histopathological confirmation of BTC or histopathological confirmation of carcinomain the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with thepathology, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of BTC (Cohort 2).

  • Participants should have progressed on standard of care systemic therapy orbeen intolerant of or have refused standard treatment. Note: For participantsenrolled in Cohort 3 (HCC, BCLC stage B), standard of care chemotherapy is notrequired prior to enrollment.

  • Participants must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curativeresection, radiofrequency ablation, or liver transplantation

  • Participants must have evaluable or measurable disease per RECIST 1.1

  • Participants must have at least one lesion accessible for TACE (Cohort 3)

  • Participants must have lesions accessible for biopsy and be willing to undergopre- and posttreatment biopsies

  • ECOG performance status of 0 to 1

  • If liver cirrhosis is present, patient must have a Child-Pugh score <7

  • Subjects with HCC must have BCLC C (Cohort 1) or BCLC B (Cohort 3)

  • Participants must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below:

  • absolute neutrophil count greater than or equal to 1,000/mcL

  • platelets greater than or equal to 60,000/mcL

  • total bilirubin:if cirrhosis present: Part of Child Pugh requirement-If nocirrhosis: bilirubin should be less than or equal to 2 XULN

  • ALT or AST up to 5 x ULN

  • Creatinine OR measured or calcutated Creatinine clearance (crCl) (eGFR may Also beused in place of CrCl) A: less than the institutional limit of normal OR greaterthan or equal to 45/mL/1.73 m^2 for participant with creatinine levels greater thanor equal to 1.5 X institutional ULN

  • No proteinuria: Urine dipstick <2. Participants discovered to have greater than orequal to 2 + proteinuria on dipstick analysis should undergo a 24-hour urinecollection and must demonstrate less than or equal to 1g of protein in 24 hours tobe eligible

  • Age greater than or equal to 18 years

  • Participants must have recovered from any acute toxicity related to priortherapy, including surgery. Toxicity should be less than or equal to grade 1.

  • The effects of study drugs on the developing human fetus are unknown. For thisreason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequatecontraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) at thestudy entry and for the duration of study treatment and up to 90 days after thelast dose of the study drug(s). Should a woman become pregnant or suspect sheis pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she shouldinform her treating physician immediately.

  • HBV infected subjects must be on antivirals and have HBV DNA <100IU/mL. HCVinfected subjects can be enrolled with close HCV RNA level monitoring

  • Body weight >30kg

  • Participant must be able to understand and willing to sign a written informedconsent document.

Exclusion

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  • Participants who have had standard-of-care anti-cancer therapy or therapy withinvestigational agents (e.g. chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy,biologic therapy, tumor embolization, monoclonal antibodies or other investigationagents) or large field radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to treatment initiation.

  • Major surgery within 6 weeks prior to treatment initiation. Minor procedures (e.g.port placement, endoscopy with intervention) within 2 weeks prior to treatmentinitiation.

  • Active central nervous system metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis.Particpants with known active brain metastases will be excluded from this clinicaltrial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressiveneurologic dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and otheradverse events

  • Metastatic disease that involves major airways or blood vessels, or centrallylocated mediastinal tumor masses.

  • Medical condition that requires chronic systemic steroid therapy, or any other formof immunosuppressive medication (inhaled and topical steroids are permitted).

  • Chronic daily treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

  • A prior bleeding event due to esophageal and/or gastric varices within 6 monthsprior to initiation of study treatment.

  • Inadequately controlled arterial hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) > 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg), based on an average of 3 BP readings on 2 sessions. Note: anti-hypertensive therapy to achieve theseparameters is allowable.

  • Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy

  • Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair orrecent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to initiation of studytreatment

  • Evidence of bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy (with or without currenttherapeutic anticoagulation).

  • Recent (within 10 days of first dose of study treatment) use of aspirin

  • Thromboembolic event within 6 months of initiation of study treatment (includingcerebrovascular accident (CVA) and myocardial infarction (MI).

  • History of hemoptysis (>2.5 mL of bright red blood per episode) within 1 month priorto treatment initiation.

  • Serious, non-healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture.

  • HIV-positive participants are excluded because HIV causes complicated immunedeficiency and study treatment can pose more risks for these patients.

  • History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any monoclonal antibody.

  • Congestive heart failure, transmural myocardial infarction, angina pectorisrequiring medication, clinically significant valvular disease, high-risk arrhythmiawithin 12 months prior to treatment initiation. Prior history of hypertensive crisisor hypertensive encephalopathy.

  • Prior invasive malignancies within the past 5 years prior to treatment initiation (with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancers, non-invasive bladder cancer orlocalized prostate cancer for whom systemic therapy is not required)

  • Active or history of inflammatory bowel disease (colitis, Crohn s), irritable boweldisease, celiac disease, or other serious, chronic, gastrointestinal conditionsassociated with diarrhea.

  • History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation within 6 months priorto initiation of study treatment.

  • History of chronic autoimmune disease (e.g., Addison s disease, multiple sclerosis,Graves disease, Hashimoto s thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypophysitis,systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis syndrome etc.)or other connective tissue diseases with symptomatic disease within the 3 years ofinitiation of study treatment. Note: Active vitiligo or a history of vitiligo willnot be a basis for exclusion.

  • Diverticulitis either active or history of within 2 years of initiation of studytreatment. Note that diverticulosis is permitted.

  • Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or activeinfection or psychiatric illness/social situations that may impair the patient stolerance of study treatments.

  • Received any live vaccine within the last 30 days before treatment initiation.

  • Participants who have undergone prior liver transplantation.

  • Pregnant women are excluded from this study because durvalumab s and bevacizumab spotential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects is unknown. Because there is anunknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary totreatment of the mother with tremelimumab, durvalumab and bevacizumab, breastfeedingshould be discontinued if the mother is treated with study drugs.

Study Design

Total Participants: 27
Treatment Group(s): 5
Primary Treatment: durvalumab
Phase: 2
Study Start date:
March 10, 2021
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31, 2027

Study Description

Background:

  • Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death with a median survival of 6-9 months.

  • Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is relatively uncommon and includes cancers of the gallbladder and intra- and extra-hepatic biliary ductal system, although periampullary tumors are often considered part of this group as well.

  • A class of agents that in the recent years has been at the epicenter of immunotherapy approaches in gastrointestinal malignancies are the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the immune checkpoint inhibitors CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1.

  • Durvalumab is a human monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1 ) subclass. Durvalumab inhibits binding of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and CD80. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies directly target tumor cells and are expected to have less adverse events in comparison with anti-PD-1 antibodies that target effector T-cells in the tumor microenvironment.

  • Tremelimumab is a human IgG2 mAb directed against CTLA-4. Tremelimumab blocks the inhibitory effect of CTLA-4, and therefore enhances T cell activation.

  • Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood capillaries, which is a complex process that promotes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other proangiogenic factor expression, thus enhancing metastasis. Inhibition of VEGF function by bevacizumab can lead to the inhibition of the new blood vessels formation surrounding a tumor, and consequently arrest the tumor growth by depriving essential nutrients and oxygen.

  • TACE has been shown to induce anti-tumor immunity.

  • Early phase studies have shown that anti-VEGF treatment with bevacizumab in combination with TACE decreases neovascular formation.

  • We have previously shown that locoregional therapies can be safely combined with immune checkpoint blockade. There are also preclinical data suggesting that anti-VEGF therapy may target myeloid cells with suppressor activity.

Objectives:

  • To evaluate the 6-month progression free survival (PFS) in participants with advanced HCC BCLC stage B treated with bevacizumab, durvalumab, tremelimumab and TACE.

  • To evaluate the 6-month PFS in participants with BTC and HCC BCLC stage C treated with bevacizumab, durvalumab and tremelimumab.

  • In participants with BTC enrolled following amendment dated 03/2024, the primary objective will be: To determine if the PFS may be improved upon compared to data from a previous trial in the same participant population.

Eligibility:

  • Histopathological confirmation of HCC or BTC or histopathological confirmation of carcinoma in the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with the pathology, are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of BTC.

  • Participants must have evaluable or measurable disease per RECIST 1.1.

  • Participants must have disease that is not amenable to potentially curative resection, radiofrequency ablation, or liver transplantation.

Design:

  • This is an open label Phase II trial conducted to evaluate efficacy of durvalumab, bevacizumab and tremelimumab combined treatment in participants with advanced HCC BCLC stage C or BTC and efficacy of durvalumab, bevacizumab, tremelimumab and TACE combined treatment in participants with advanced HCC BCLC stage B.

  • Initially 3-18 participants with HCC BCLC Stage C or BTC will be enrolled into safety run-in of Arm 1 to determine the safety of combined treatment of durvalumab, bevacizumab and tremelimumab.

  • Once safety has been determined, subsequent participants with HCC BCLC Stage C and BTC will be enrolled in Arm 1 and participants with HCC BCLC Stage B will start enrollment into Arm 2, consistent of durvalumab, bevacizumab, tremelimumab and multiple TACE procedures.

  • Once Arm 1 has completed accrual in the BTC cohort, Arm 3 will begin accruing participants with advanced unresectable or metastatic BTC, treated with durvalumab, bevacizumab, and tremelimumab using a different treatment schedule.

  • Treatment will continue until progression or unbearable toxicity.

Connect with a study center

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda, Maryland 20892
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda 4348599, Maryland 4361885 20892
    United States

    Site Not Available

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