Virtual Reality Training for Hip Surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

• For all participants:

• Aged 18 or older

• Ability to speak and read English Specific criteria for Expert Surgeons:

• Has performed > 500 total hip arthroplasties independently

• Is a surgical tutor for trainee surgeons using the direct anterior approach Specific criteria for Orthopaedic Specialty Trainee participants:

• Is a specialty trainee/resident on a London Orthopaedic training programme

• Has performed or assisted in > 5 total hip arthroplasties Specific criteria for pre-specialty doctors and student participants:

• Is a practicing doctor or clinical fellow at Imperial College London or Chelsea andWestminster NHS Trust OR Specific criteria for student participants:

• Is an undergraduate medical student at Imperial College London

Exclusion Criteria:

• For all participants:

• A medical history of headaches or epilepsy or registered as partial sighted

• Injuries or deformity preventing full function of both upper limbs

• Unwilling or unable to receive or access emails for study questionnaires Specific criteria for Orthopaedic Specialty Trainee participants:

• Has performed > 75 total hip arthroplasty procedures under supervision orindependently, using any surgical approach

• Has performed or assisted in > 5 total hip arthroplasties using the direct anteriorapproach Specific criteria for pre-specialty doctor participants:

• Have performed any total hip arthroplasty procedures under supervision, using anysurgical approach

• Is enrolled in an orthopaedic training programme Specific criteria for student participants:

• Has performed any total hip arthroplasty procedures under supervision, using any surgicalapproach