Safety Study of BMX-001 (Radio-protector) in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anal Cancer

Last updated: June 5, 2025
Sponsor: University of Nebraska
Overall Status: Active - Not Recruiting

Phase

1/2

Condition

Anal Dysplasia

Treatment

BMX-001

Clinical Study ID

NCT03386500
0247-17-FB
  • Ages > 19
  • All Genders

Study Summary

Over 80% of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Current standard treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a combination of radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent chemotherapy. This allows for organ preservation in approximately 75% of patients. The use of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin results in locoregional relapse rates of 20-32 and 5-year overall survival rates of 58-78%. However, while mitomycin significantly increases the rate of grade 4 toxicities, it improves local outcomes and has been considered a necessary agent in the care of anal cancer. Oxidative stress induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy tends to protect tumor cells and promote normal tissue damage. A recently developed compound, BMX-001 (MnTnBuOE-2- PyP5+), is among the most highly potent metalloporphyrin compounds which reduce oxidative stress, thereby protecting normal tissues and augmenting tumor killing.

In this Phase 1/2 study, the investigators will conduct a safety and efficacy study of the combination of BMX-001 with standard radiation therapy and concurrent (5FU)/mitomycin in newly diagnosed Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) patients. The primary Phase 1 objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BMX-001 in ASCC patients receiving RT and concurrent 5FU/mitomycin chemotherapy. Three participants will be treated at Dose Level 1 and three at Dose Level 2, then three at Dose Level 3. Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT) experienced by any participant will be used to determine the MTD. The Phase II objective is to examine the impact of BMX-001 on the overall acute ≥ grade 3 toxicity rate of the normal tissue including rectum, bladder, and skin in combination with RT and concurrent 5FU/mitomycin in treatment of newly diagnosed ASCC patients. These will be determined by participant reports, biological materials (blood, tissue, urine) sampling and imaging. Participant health-related quality of life will be assessed by two questionnaires.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Pathologically confirmed locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (includingoligometastatic disease) with concurrent chemoradiation with standard Fluorouracil (5FU)/mitomycin regimen with curative intent

  • Any cancer stage requiring a dose of 59.4 cGy

  • 19 years of age or older

  • Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 60%

  • Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl (a transfusion or other intervention to achieve Hgb > 9.0 g/dlis acceptable)

  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500 /dl

  • Platelets ≥ 100,000 /dl

  • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl, serum SGOT and bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit ofnormal

  • Negative pregnancy test for women of child-bearing potential within 48 hours priorto first dose of BMX-001

  • Use of a medically effective means of birth control until 12 months following thelast study treatment for women of childbearing potential and male participants

  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/ Computed Tomography (CT)/pelvic magneticresonance imaging (MRI) done within 8 weeks of trial initiation

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Breast-feeding

  • Active infection requiring IV antibiotics within 7 days before enrollment

  • Prior, unrelated malignancy requiring current active treatment, exception: cervicalcarcinoma in situ, basal cell or carcinoma of the skin, invasive cancers with a 5-year disease-free interval, resected cancer of the bladder, or low-grade prostatecancer (Gleason 6 or less)

  • Prior history of Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC)

  • Prior history of pelvic radiotherapy for any other type of malignancy

  • Known hypersensitivity to Fluorouracil (5FU) and/or mitomycin

  • Current corticosteroid use unless dose is stable or decreasing at study enrollment (anti-inflammatory properties could interrupt oxidative stress)

  • Inadequately controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg and/ordiastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg)

  • Active or history of postural hypotension and autonomic dysfunction within the pastyear

  • Known hypersensitivity to BMX-001

  • Clinically significant (active) cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease, (e.g., cerebrovascular accidents ≤ 6 months prior to study enrollment, myocardialinfarction ≤ 6 months prior to study enrollment, unstable angina, New York HeartAssociation (NYHA) Grade II or greater congestive heart failure (CHF), or seriouscardiac arrhythmia uncontrolled by medication or potentially interfering withprotocol treatment

  • History or evidence from physical/neurological examination of central nervous systemdisease (e.g. seizures) unrelated to cancer, potentially interfering with protocoltreatment unless adequately controlled by medication

  • Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair orrecent arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to start of study treatment

  • Marked baseline prolongation of QT/QTc interval [e.g., repeated demonstration of aQTc interval >480 milliseconds (ms), CTCAE grade 1, using the specific/usual choiceby clinical center for correction factor

  • History of additional risk factors for Torsades de Pointes (TdP) (e.g., congestiveheart failure, hypokalemia, known family history of Long QT Syndrome)

Study Design

Total Participants: 24
Treatment Group(s): 1
Primary Treatment: BMX-001
Phase: 1/2
Study Start date:
November 28, 2017
Estimated Completion Date:
December 31, 2029

Study Description

Over 80% of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Current standard treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a combination of radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent chemotherapy. This allows for organ preservation in approximately 75% of patients. The use of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin results in locoregional relapse rates of 20-32 and 5-year overall survival rates of 58-78%. However, while mitomycin significantly increases the rate of grade 4 toxicities, it improves local outcomes and has been considered a necessary agent in the care of anal cancer. Oxidative stress induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy tends to protect tumor cells and promote normal tissue damage. A recently developed compound, BMX-001 (MnTnBuOE-2- PyP5+), is among the most highly potent metalloporphyrin compounds which reduce oxidative stress, thereby protecting normal tissues and augmenting tumor killing.

In this Phase 1/2 study, the investigators will conduct a safety and efficacy study of the combination of BMX-001 with standard radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/mitomycin in newly diagnosed anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) participant. A recently completed Phase 1 study using BMX-001 with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patient with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas (BMX-HGG-001) demonstrated no adverse effects in subcutaneous dosing up to 28 mg/subject load with half the loading dose (14 mg/subject) given biweekly for 8 weeks in 12 participants. One of three participants dosed with 42 mg/subject load with half the loading dose given biweekly for 8 weeks experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 3 tachycardia and grade 3 hypotension at loading dose. These resolved with treatment within 24 hours and the participant returned to the study with no recurrence for the maintenance does. The sponsor determined that the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of BMX-001 is 28 mg/subject load followed by 14 mg/subject twice a week for up to eight weeks as the maximum dose that was tolerated with no adverse effects. The most common related toxicity seen in this study grade 1 injection site reaction. There is no apparent toxicity to end organ tissues or bone marrow.

For this study, after completion of Phase 1 and establishment of a RP2D for the treatment regimen in participants undergoing radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the protocol will proceed to Dose Level 3, after completion of Dose Level 1 and Dose Level 2. Up to 20 participants will be enrolled with a safety lead-in of 6 participants to confirm safety in subjects in this cohort receiving radiation therapy and 5FU/mitomycin. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of BMX-001 in combination with current chemoradiation, blood samples will be drawn for analysis in three to six participants in enrolled in the safety lead-in. Next, the first dose of BMX-001 will be administered subcutaneously from 4 days up to 1 hour prior to the start of radiation treatment. Blood will be drawn for PK on the following days: Day 1 (before and after loading dose), Day 8, Day 22 and Day 36. Measures will be obtained at approximately the following times: -1 to 0 hour (before loading dose), 30 minutes after the drug is given, 4 hours post-dose, and 24 hours post-dose. Samples will be analyzed for BMX-001 using validated analytical methods. Skin, gastrointestinal (GI), and genitourinary (GU) symptoms will be measured on the day of screening, weekly during RT, 1 months, 4 months and 10 months after the completion of RT. Perianal skin will be assessed weekly during RT, 1 month, 4 months, and 10 months after completion of RT. Further follow up will be per standard of care.

Connect with a study center

  • University of Nebraska Medical Center

    Omaha, Nebraska 68198
    United States

    Site Not Available

Map preview placeholder

Not the study for you?

Let us help you find the best match. Sign up as a volunteer and receive email notifications when clinical trials are posted in the medical category of interest to you.