Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab + Decitabine Followed by Std Neoadj Chemo for Locally Advanced HER2- Breast Ca

Last updated: August 11, 2025
Sponsor: Virginia Commonwealth University
Overall Status: Active - Not Recruiting

Phase

2

Condition

Breast Cancer

Adenocarcinoma

Carcinoma

Treatment

Paclitaxel

Doxorubicin

Decitabine

Clinical Study ID

NCT02957968
MCC-15-11083
NCI-2016-01980
P30CA016059
  • Ages > 18
  • All Genders

Study Summary

This study is a 2-cohort, open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study of a short course of immunotherapy consisting of sequential decitabine followed by pembrolizumab administered prior to a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with locally advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. The primary efficacy objective is to determine if the immunotherapy increases the presence and percentage of tumor and/or stromal area of infiltrating lymphocytes prior to initiation of standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At enrollment, patients will be assigned to one of 2 cohorts based on hormone receptor status.

  • Cohort A - patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer (defined as both ER and PgR with < 10% positive staining on IHC) Note: before beginning standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients in Cohort A may be reassigned to Cohort A2 to receive extended pembrolizumab as part of new standard neoadjuvant and postoperative adjuvant therapy.

  • Cohort B - patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (defined as either ER or PgR with ≥ 10% positive staining on IHC)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast diagnosed by core needle biopsy

  • Breast cancer determined to be HER2-negative per current American Society ofClinical Oncologists/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2 (HER2) Guidelines (If IHC was performed, IHC 0 or 1+; iffluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or other in situ hybridization test, dualprobe HER2/Chromosome 17 Centromere (CEP17) ratio < 2.0 with an average HER2 copynumber < 4.0 signals/cell)

  • Breast cancer determined to be hormone receptor-positive or hormonereceptor-negative defined as follows:

  • Hormone receptor-positive: ≥ 10% staining by IHC for either estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PgR)

  • Hormone receptor-negative: < 10% staining by IHC for both ER and PgR

  • Locally advanced breast cancer defined as any of the following per American JointCommittee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Criteria:

  • T2 based on tumor measurements by physical examination or imaging and withclinically positive regional lymph nodes (cN1 or cN2), irrespective of hormonereceptor status

  • Hormone receptor-negative breast cancer patients with tumor size of 3-5 cmmeasured by physical examination or imaging with clinically negative regionallymph nodes (cN0)

  • Any T3 based on tumor measurements by physical examination or imaging

  • Any T4 (including inflammatory breast cancer), irrespective of hormone receptorstatus

  • Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes must be evaluated by MRI or ultrasound within 12weeks prior to study registration to determine clinical nodal status. If imaging issuspicious or abnormal, a fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy of thequestionable node(s) on imaging is required. Nodal status should be classifiedaccording to the following criteria:

  • Nodal status - negative

  • Imaging of the axilla is negative; OR

  • Imaging of the axilla is suspicious or abnormal AND FNA or core biopsy isnegative.

  • Nodal status - positive

  • FNA or core biopsy of node(s) is cytologically or histologicallysuspicious or positive

  • Breast imaging performed prior to study registration as follows:

  • Ipsilateral breast - within 12 weeks

  • Contralateral breast - within 24 weeks

  • Age ≥ 18 years

  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1

  • Adequate bone marrow function as defined below:

  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mm3

  • Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm3

  • Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL

  • Adequate renal function as defined below:

  • Serum creatinine ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) for the lab or a calculatedcreatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min

  • Adequate hepatic function as defined below:

  • Total bilirubin ≤ ULN for the laboratory

  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 1.5 x ULN for the laboratory

  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN for the laboratory

  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 2.5 x ULN for the laboratory Note: If ALP is > 1.5x ULN, imaging to rule out bone and liver metastasis is required.

  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment (ie, 2-D echocardiogram ormultigated acquisition (MUGA) scan) performed within 12 weeks prior to studyregistration indicates an LVEF ≥ 50% regardless of the cardiac imaging facility'slower limit of normal

  • Women who are not postmenopausal or have not undergone hysterectomy must have adocumented negative serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to initiating studytreatment.

Note: Postmenopausal is defined as any of the following:

  • Age ≥ 60 years

  • Age < 60 years and amenorrheic for at least 1 year with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma estradiol levels in the postmenopausal range

  • Bilateral oophorectomy

  • A female patient who is a woman of child-bearing potential (WCBP) and a malepatient with a partner who is a WCBP must agree to use a medically acceptedmethod for preventing pregnancy for the duration of immunotherapy andneoadjuvant chemotherapy and until after completion of breast surgery or, forpatients who do not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for a minimum of 6 monthsfollowing the last dose of pembrolizumab or decitabine

  • Ability to understand and willingness to sign the consent form

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Breast cancer treatment for the currently diagnosed breast cancer includingradiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or endocrine therapy prior tostudy registration

  • Administration of a live vaccine within 30 days prior to initiating study treatmentNote: Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated fluvaccines and are permitted; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (eg, Flu-Mist)are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed.

  • Administration of a monoclonal antibody within 4 weeks prior to initiating studytreatment or has not recovered (ie, ≤ grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events (AEs) due to a monoclonal antibody administered more than 4 weeks earlier

  • Administration of any investigational agent within 4 weeks prior to initiating studytreatment

  • Evidence of metastatic disease that is extensive enough to preclude consideration ofsubsequent definitive surgery for the primary tumor

  • History of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer or ipsilateral ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS) Note: Patients with history of ipsilateral lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are eligible.

  • History of solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplant

  • Previous therapy for any malignancy with an anthracycline or taxane for Cohorts Aand B and carboplatin for Cohort A

  • Cardiac disease that would preclude administration of the drugs included in thestudy treatment regimen including, but not limited to:

  • Angina pectoris that requires the current use of anti-anginal medication

  • Ventricular arrhythmias except for benign premature ventricular contractions

  • Supraventricular and nodal arrhythmias requiring a pacemaker or not controlledwith medication

  • Conduction abnormality requiring a pacemaker

  • Valvular disease with documented compromise in cardiac function; andsymptomatic pericarditis

  • Nervous system disorder (ie, paresthesia, peripheral motor neuropathy, or peripheralsensory neuropathy) ≥ grade 2, per CTCAE v5.0

  • Administration of or condition requiring administration of systemic steroid therapyor any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to initiatingstudy treatment Exception: Patients with conditions that can be managed withsteroids equivalent to or less than an oral prednisone dose of 10 mg daily would notbe excluded from the study.

  • Previous therapy for this cancer with an anti-anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1),anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2 agent, or any other immunomodulatory agent

  • Known or presumed hypersensitivity to decitabine or pembrolizumab (or any of theirexcipients)

  • Diagnosed immunodeficiency, eg, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  • Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 2 years (ie,with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs)or a documented history of clinically severe autoimmune disease or a syndrome thatrequires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents Note: Patients with theconditions or medical history listed below are NOT excluded from this study.

  • Vitiligo

  • Resolved childhood asthma/atopy

  • Requirement for intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injectionsor topical steroids

  • Hypothyroidism stable on hormone replacement

  • Sjogren's Syndrome

  • Known history or evidence of interstitial lung disease or active, non-infectiouspneumonitis

  • Known history of active bacillus tuberculosis (TB)

  • Active infection requiring systemic therapy

  • Known active Hepatitis B or C

  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding

  • Diagnosis or treatment for another malignancy within 5 years prior to studyregistration, with the following exceptions: complete resection of basal cellcarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, any in situ malignancy, andlow-risk prostate cancer after curative therapy

  • Medical, psychological, or social condition that, in the opinion of theinvestigator, may increase the patient's risk or limit the patient's adherence withstudy requirements

Study Design

Total Participants: 46
Treatment Group(s): 6
Primary Treatment: Paclitaxel
Phase: 2
Study Start date:
January 24, 2017
Estimated Completion Date:
March 31, 2026

Study Description

Both cohorts will receive the identical doses and treatment schedules of decitabine and pembrolizumab followed by a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Both cohorts will receive 4 cycles of AC and 12 doses of weekly paclitaxel or Nab-paclitaxel. Paclitaxel or Nab-paclitaxel will be combined with carboplatin for Cohorts A and A2 (TNBC). The sequence of the 2 regimens will be at the discretion of the treating medical oncologist following the safety lead-in phase. For the primary endpoint, Cohorts A and A2 will be evaluated together, separate from Cohort B.

Connect with a study center

  • St. Elizabeth Healthcare

    Edgewood, Kentucky 41017
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • St. Elizabeth Healthcare

    Edgewood 4290873, Kentucky 6254925 41017
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

    Columbus, Ohio 43210
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

    Columbus 4509177, Ohio 5165418 43210
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • The Methodist Hospital System

    Houston, Texas 77030
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • University of Virginia

    Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • VCU Community Memorial Healthcenter

    Richmond, Virginia 23950
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center

    Richmond, Virginia 23298
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • University of Virginia

    Charlottesville 4752031, Virginia 6254928 22903
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center

    Richmond 4781708, Virginia 6254928 23298
    United States

    Site Not Available

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