High Flow Oxygen Therapy in Patients Suffering From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: Effects and Mechanisms of Action

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor outcome, especially when intubation is required, thus underlining the importance of optimizing non-invasive ventilatory support to avoid intubation. Practically, because of treatment intolerance, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) cannot be administered 24-hour a day for a long period of time and alternative solutions must be found to deliver oxygen as efficiently as possible to allow NIV interruptions. High flow humidified oxygen therapy (HFHO) consists of delivering a high-flow (15-60 L/minute) heated air-oxygen mixture (FIO2 21-100%) through a dedicated nasal cannula and can be interesting in this context. This well tolerated technique improves oxygenation and decreases respiratory rate and dyspnea in patients suffering from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. In chronic COPD patients, using HFHO can decrease respiratory rate and PaCO2. In COPD exacerbation, using HFHO can conceptually be interesting. First, the high air-oxygen flow delivered well matches the patient's inspiratory demand and should decrease the work of breathing. Second, as during HFHO a high flow is continuously delivered in the airways, a wash-out of the anatomical dead space should occur and CO2 clearance should be enhanced. Despite this strong physiological rational for the use of HFHO in patients suffering from COPD exacerbation, the effects of using HFHO instead of conventional oxygenotherapy in combination with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in this context has never been explored.

The main objective of the study is to explore the effects of using HFHO in combination with NIV in acute COPD exacerbation and to assess the underlying mechanisms of action.