Low-intensity Focused Ultrasound Pulsation (LIFUP) for Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with clinical evidence from their diagnostic evaluations of unilateralhippocampal dysfunction and epileptogenicity.

• Subjects with seizures that have been refractory to treatment with at least threecurrently marketed antiepileptic drugs.

• Subjects with epilepsy who would clearly benefit from surgical intervention.

• Subjects who have been offered a non-dominant anterior-mesial temporal loberesection as treatment for medication refractory epilepsy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with a cognitive or psychiatric disorder that limits the ability to giveinformed consent or are unable to cooperate with the testing.

• Subjects with dementia, delirium and psychotic symptoms. - Subjects withferromagnetic materials in the head.

• Subjects with severe cardiac disease, increased intracranial pressure, or a TENSunit.

• Subjects who exhibit primary generalized seizures or pseudoseizures.

• Subjects who have seizures secondary to drugs, alcohol, metabolic illness orprogressive degenerative disease.

• Subjects who have experienced status epilepticus during the 3-week baseline periodprior to the operation.

• Subjects (females) who are pregnant.