Classic Yin and Yang Tonic Formula for Osteopenia

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMD T-scores of the hip (femoral neck or trochanter)and/or spine between -1.0 and -2.5;

• pattern differentiation is kidney deficiency in TCM.

• informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Osteoporotic (T-score< -2.5) at any site or a fracture in the past 2 years not causedby motor vehicle accident;

• prior or current use of medication that increase risks of fracture (e.g. steroids,anti-convulsants, anticoagulants,lithium);

• prior or current use of medications that modify bone metabolism (e.g. bisphosphonates,selective estrogen receptor modulators such as Raloxifene);

• use of calcium supplements above levels suggested within the recommendations ofstandard care (i.e., above 1200-1500 mg);

• current or prior year use of estrogen or calcitonin;

• Malignancies other than skin cancer;

• conditions that cause secondary osteoporosis (e.g. Cushing's syndrome, Marfan'ssyndrome);

• lactation and gestational period;

• physical or mental disabilities that will preclude informed consent or active studyparticipation;

• supersensitivity body constitution.

• osteoporotic fracture of having operating indication.